Device, method, and graphical user interface for navigating and displaying content in context

ABSTRACT

An electronic device displays one or more thumbnails. The device detects a first multi-contact gesture that includes movement of a first contact and a second contact; and, in response to detecting the first multi-contact gesture, the device displays content associated with a respective thumbnail and enlarges the content associated with the respective thumbnail to a respective enlarged size in accordance with the first multi-contact gesture. The device detects termination of the first multi-contact gesture; and, in response to detecting termination of the first multi-contact gesture: when a resizing metric based on the first multi-contact gesture is below a predefined threshold, the device ceases to display the content at the respective enlarged size; and, when the resizing metric based on the first multi-contact gesture is above the predefined threshold, the device displays the content on the display in a predefined arrangement.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional applicationSer. No. 12/789,441, filed on May 27, 2010, which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Application 61/335,520, filed on Jan. 6, 2010. Thecontent of both applications is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitivesurfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices withtouch-sensitive surfaces that are used to display and navigate throughcontent.

BACKGROUND

The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers andother electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recentyears. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touchscreen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate userinterface objects on a display.

Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size ofone or more images or viewing images that are associated with an albumof images. Exemplary user interface objects include digital images,video, text files, audio files, icons, and other graphics. A user mayneed to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a filemanagement program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.),an image management application (e.g., Aperture or iPhoto from AppleInc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music)management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g.,Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processingapplication (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), awebsite creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,Calif.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers fromApple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.).

But existing methods for displaying and navigating through content arecumbersome and inefficient. For example, using a sequence of mouse-basedinputs to select a representation of content and view the contentassociated with the representation of content or drill down through ahierarchy of content using many discrete inputs is tedious and creates asignificant cognitive burden on a user. In addition, existing methodstake longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latterconsideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, there is a need for computing devices with faster, moreefficient methods and interfaces for displaying and navigating throughcontent. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replaceconventional methods for displaying and navigating through content. Suchmethods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and producea more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase thetime between battery charges.

The above deficiencies and other problems associated with userinterfaces for computing devices with touch-sensitive surfaces arereduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, thedevice is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device isportable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handhelddevice). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In someembodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a“touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, thedevice has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors,memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions storedin the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments,the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts andgestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thefunctions may include image editing, drawing, presenting, wordprocessing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, gameplaying, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging,workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing,digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executableinstructions for performing these functions may be included in acomputer readable storage medium or other computer program productconfigured for execution by one or more processors.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. Themethod includes: displaying one or more thumbnails; and detecting afirst contact and a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Themethod further includes, while continuing to detect the first contactand the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface: detecting a firstmulti-contact gesture that includes movement of the first contact andthe second contact; and, in response to detecting the firstmulti-contact gesture: displaying content associated with a respectivethumbnail; and enlarging the content associated with the respectivethumbnail to a respective enlarged size in accordance with the firstmulti-contact gesture. The method further includes detecting terminationof the first multi-contact gesture; and, in response to detectingtermination of the first multi-contact gesture: when a resizing metricbased on the first multi-contact gesture is below a predefinedthreshold, ceasing to display the content at the respective enlargedsize; and, when the resizing metric based on the first multi-contactgesture is above the predefined threshold, displaying the content on thedisplay in a predefined arrangement.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. Themethod includes: displaying one or more selectable objects; anddetecting a first contact and a second contact on the touch-sensitivesurface. The method further includes, while continuing to detect thefirst contact and the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface:detecting a first multi-contact gesture that includes movement of thefirst contact and the second contact; and, in response to detecting thefirst multi-contact gesture: displaying content associated with arespective selectable object; and enlarging the content associated withthe respective selectable object to a respective enlarged size inaccordance with the first multi-contact gesture. The method alsoincludes detecting termination of the first multi-contact gesture; and,in response to detecting termination of the first multi-contact gesture:when a resizing metric based on the first multi-contact gesture is belowa predefined threshold, ceasing to display the content at the respectiveenlarged size; and, when the resizing metric based on the firstmulti-contact gesture is above the predefined threshold, displaying thecontent on the display in a predefined arrangement.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. Themethod includes: displaying a plurality of album thumbnails. Arespective album thumbnail represents a respective plurality of contentitems. The method also includes detecting a first contact and a secondcontact on the touch-sensitive surface. The method further includes,while continuing to detect the first contact and the second contact onthe touch-sensitive surface: detecting a first multi-contact gesturethat includes movement of the first contact and the second contact; and,in response to detecting the first multi-contact gesture, displayingrepresentations of content items associated with the respective albumthumbnail. The method also includes detecting termination of the firstmulti-contact gesture; and, in response to detecting termination of thefirst multi-contact gesture: when a first resizing metric based on thefirst multi-contact gesture is below a predefined threshold, ceasing todisplay the representations of the content items associated with therespective album thumbnail; and when the first resizing metric based onthe first multi-contact gesture is above the predefined threshold,displaying the representations of the content items associated with therespective album thumbnail on the display in a first predefinedarrangement. A respective representation of a content item is arespective content thumbnail that is associated with a respectivecontent item. The method further includes, while displaying therepresentations of the content items associated with the respectivealbum thumbnail on the display in the first predefined arrangement,detecting a third contact and a fourth contact on the touch-sensitivesurface; and while continuing to detect the third contact and the fourthcontact on the touch-sensitive surface: detecting a second multi-contactgesture that includes movement of the third contact and the fourthcontact; and, in response to detecting the second multi-contact gesture,displaying the respective content item that is associated with therespective content thumbnail. The method further includes detectingtermination of the second multi-contact gesture; and in response todetecting termination of the second multi-contact gesture: when a secondresizing metric based on the second multi-contact gesture is below apredefined threshold, ceasing to display the respective content itemthat is associated with the respective content thumbnail; and when thesecond resizing metric based on the second multi-contact gesture isabove the predefined threshold, displaying the respective content itemin a second predefined arrangement.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. Themethod includes: displaying a presentation user interface configured topresent content items from a set of content items in a predeterminedsequence, the presentation user interface including: a display regionfor displaying a currently displayed content item in the set of contentitems; and a scrubber for navigating between content items in the set ofcontent items. The scrubber includes: an ordered line of thumbnailrepresentations for a plurality of content items in the set of contentitems. The ordered line is ordered in accordance with the predeterminedsequence. The scrubber also includes an enlarged thumbnailrepresentation of the currently displayed content item. The enlargedthumbnail representation is displayed in the ordered line at a positionthat is determined in accordance with the predetermined sequence. Themethod further includes detecting a first input at a location on thetouch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location on the scrubberfor a respective content item in the set of content items; and, inresponse to detecting the first input, displaying the respective contentitem in the display region and displaying an enlarged thumbnailrepresentation of the respective content item in the scrubber at alocation on the scrubber that is determined in accordance with thepredetermined sequence.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, andone or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memoryand configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the oneor more programs include instructions for performing the operations ofany of the methods described above. In accordance with some embodiments,a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, atouch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to executeone or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of theelements displayed in any of the methods described above, which areupdated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods above.In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage mediumhas stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronicdevice with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the device toperform the operations of any of the methods described above. Inaccordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: adisplay; a touch-sensitive surface; means for performing the operationsof any of the methods described above. In accordance with someembodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in anelectronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, includesmeans for performing the operations of any of the methods describedabove.

Thus, electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces areprovided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces fordisplaying and navigating through content, thereby increasing theeffectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Suchmethods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methodsfor displaying and navigating through content.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of theinvention as well as additional embodiments thereof, reference should bemade to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with thefollowing drawings in which like reference numerals refer tocorresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIGS. 1A and 1B are block diagrams illustrating portable multifunctiondevices with touch-sensitive displays in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screenin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu ofapplications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4C illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunctiondevice with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the displayin accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A-5LL illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying andnavigating through content in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6G are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displayingcontent associated with a thumbnail in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of displaying contentassociated with a selectable object in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 8A-8D are flow diagrams illustrating a method of displayingcontent associated with a thumbnail in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating a method of navigatingthrough content using a scrubber that includes thumbnail representationsof content in accordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of whichare illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detaileddescription, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will beapparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present inventionmay be practiced without these specific details. In other instances,well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks havenot been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspectsof the embodiments.

It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc.may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements shouldnot be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguishone element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed asecond contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a firstcontact, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thefirst contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are notthe same contact.

The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is forthe purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is notintended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description ofthe invention and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and“the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless thecontext clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that theterm “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and allpossible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Itwill be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,”“comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification,specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations,elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence oraddition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations,elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon”or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” dependingon the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [astated condition or event] is detected” may be construed to mean “upondetermining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [thestated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the statedcondition or event],” depending on the context.

As used herein, the term “resolution” of a display refers to the numberof pixels (also called “pixel counts” or “pixel resolution”) along eachaxis or in each dimension of the display. For example, a display mayhave a resolution of 320×480 pixels. Furthermore, as used herein, theterm “resolution” of a multifunction device refers to the resolution ofa display in the multifunction device. The term “resolution” does notimply any limitations on the size of each pixel or the spacing ofpixels. For example, compared to a first display with a 1024×768-pixelresolution, a second display with a 320×480-pixel resolution has a lowerresolution. However, it should be noted that the physical size of adisplay depends not only on the pixel resolution, but also on many otherfactors, including the pixel size and the spacing of pixels. Therefore,the first display may have the same, smaller, or larger physical size,compared to the second display.

As used herein, the term “video resolution” of a display refers to thedensity of pixels along each axis or in each dimension of the display.The video resolution is often measured in a dots-per-inch (DPI) unit,which counts the number of pixels that can be placed in a line withinthe span of one inch along a respective dimension of the display.

Embodiments of computing devices, user interfaces for such devices, andassociated processes for using such devices are described. In someembodiments, the computing device is a portable communications device,such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such asPDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portablemultifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone® and iPodTouch® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portabledevices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitivesurfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), may also beused. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the deviceis not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer witha touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touchpad).

In the discussion that follows, a computing device that includes adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should beunderstood, however, that the computing device may include one or moreother physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, amouse and/or a joystick.

The device supports a variety of applications, such as one or more ofthe following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a wordprocessing application, a website creation application, a disk authoringapplication, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, atelephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mailapplication, an instant messaging application, a workout supportapplication, a photo management application, a digital cameraapplication, a digital video camera application, a web browsingapplication, a digital music player application, and/or a digital videoplayer application.

The various applications that may be executed on the device may use atleast one common physical user-interface device, such as thetouch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitivesurface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device maybe adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or withina respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture(such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device may support thevariety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive andtransparent to the user.

The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard embodiments.The soft keyboard embodiments may include standard (QWERTY) and/ornon-standard configurations of symbols on the displayed icons of thekeyboard, such as those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/459,606, “Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24,2006, and Ser. No. 11/459,615, “Touch Screen Keyboards For PortableElectronic Devices,” filed Jul. 24, 2006, the contents of which arehereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. The keyboardembodiments may include a reduced number of icons (or soft keys)relative to the number of keys in existing physical keyboards, such asthat for a typewriter. This may make it easier for users to select oneor more icons in the keyboard, and thus, one or more correspondingsymbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For example,displayed icons may be modified in accordance with user actions, such asselecting one or more icons and/or one or more corresponding symbols.One or more applications on the device may utilize common and/ordifferent keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used maybe tailored to at least some of the applications. In some embodiments,one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to a respective user.For example, one or more keyboard embodiments may be tailored to arespective user based on a word usage history (lexicography, slang,individual usage) of the respective user. Some of the keyboardembodiments may be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error whenselecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols, when usingthe soft keyboard embodiments.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices withtouch-sensitive displays. FIGS. 1A and 1B are block diagramsillustrating portable multifunction devices 100 with touch-sensitivedisplays 112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitivedisplay 112 is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, andmay also be known as or called a touch-sensitive display system. Device100 may include memory 102 (which may include one or more computerreadable storage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processingunits (CPU's) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audiocircuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem106, other input or control devices 116, and external port 124. Device100 may include one or more optical sensors 164. These components maycommunicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines 103.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of aportable multifunction device, and that device 100 may have more orfewer components than shown, may combine two or more components, or mayhave a different configuration or arrangement of the components. Thevarious components shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B may be implemented inhardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software,including one or more signal processing and/or application specificintegrated circuits.

Memory 102 may include high-speed random access memory and may alsoinclude non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storagedevices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memorydevices. Access to memory 102 by other components of device 100, such asCPU 120 and the peripherals interface 118, may be controlled by memorycontroller 122.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the device to CPU 120 and memory 102. The one or moreprocessors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions fordevice 100 and to process data.

In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU 120, and memorycontroller 122 may be implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. Insome other embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates withcommunications networks and other communications devices via theelectromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 may include well-knowncircuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited toan antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner,one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, asubscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RFcircuitry 108 may communicate with networks, such as the Internet, alsoreferred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wirelessnetwork, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local areanetwork (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and otherdevices by wireless communication. The wireless communication may useany of a plurality of communications standards, protocols andtechnologies, including but not limited to Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speeddownlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a,IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over InternetProtocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet messageaccess protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instantmessaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP),Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and PresenceLeveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service(IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitablecommunication protocol, including communication protocols not yetdeveloped as of the filing date of this document.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audiointerface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receivesaudio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to anelectrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts theelectrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data toperipherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data may be retrievedfrom and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 byperipherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 alsoincludes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jack providesan interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audioinput/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headsetwith both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input(e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, suchas touch screen 112 and other input control devices 116, to peripheralsinterface 118. I/O subsystem 106 may include display controller 156 andone or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices.The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signalsfrom/to other input or control devices 116. The other input controldevices 116 may include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rockerbuttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and soforth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 may becoupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port,USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons(e.g., 208, FIG. 2) may include an up/down button for volume control ofspeaker 111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons may include apush button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2). A quick press of the push button maydisengage a lock of touch screen 112 or begin a process that usesgestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device byPerforming Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of thepush button (e.g., 206) may turn power to device 100 on or off. The usermay be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons.Touch screen 112 is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one ormore soft keyboards.

Touch-sensitive display 112 provides an input interface and an outputinterface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receivesand/or sends electrical signals from/to touch screen 112. Touch screen112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output may includegraphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectivelytermed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visualoutput may correspond to user-interface objects.

Touch screen 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensorsthat accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact.Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associatedmodules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (andany movement or breaking of the contact) on touch screen 112 andconverts the detected contact into interaction with user-interfaceobjects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) thatare displayed on touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, a pointof contact between touch screen 112 and the user corresponds to a fingerof the user.

Touch screen 112 may use LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD(light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emittingdiode) technology, although other display technologies may be used inother embodiments. Touch screen 112 and display controller 156 maydetect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of aplurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed,including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, andsurface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensorarrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contactwith touch screen 112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutualcapacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in theiPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 may beanalogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in thefollowing U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No.6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932(Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However,touch screen 112 displays visual output from portable device 100,whereas touch sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output.

A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of touch screen 112 may beas described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2,2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “MultipointTouchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30,2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures ForTouch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User InterfacesFor Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On ATouch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A TouchScreen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen VirtualKeyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. Allof these applications are incorporated by reference herein in theirentirety.

Touch screen 112 may have a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. Insome embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution ofapproximately 160 dpi. The user may make contact with touch screen 112using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, andso forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to workprimarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be lessprecise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of afinger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translatesthe rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position orcommand for performing the actions desired by the user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 mayinclude a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particularfunctions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive areaof the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visualoutput. The touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separatefrom touch screen 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surfaceformed by the touch screen.

In some embodiments, device 100 may include a physical or virtual wheel(e.g., a click wheel) as input control device 116. A user may navigateamong and interact with one or more graphical objects (e.g., icons)displayed in touch screen 112 by rotating the click wheel or by moving apoint of contact with the click wheel (e.g., where the amount ofmovement of the point of contact is measured by its angular displacementwith respect to a center point of the click wheel). The click wheel mayalso be used to select one or more of the displayed icons. For example,the user may press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or anassociated button. User commands and navigation commands provided by theuser via the click wheel may be processed by input controller 160 aswell as one or more of the modules and/or sets of instructions in memory102. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel and click wheelcontroller may be part of touch screen 112 and display controller 156,respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be eitheran opaque or semitransparent object that appears and disappears on thetouch screen display in response to user interaction with the device. Insome embodiments, a virtual click wheel is displayed on the touch screenof a portable multifunction device and operated by user contact with thetouch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 162 may include a power management system, oneor more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), arecharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converteror inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode(LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 may also include one or more optical sensors 164. FIGS. 1Aand 1B show an optical sensor coupled to optical sensor controller 158in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor 164 may include charge-coupleddevice (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)phototransistors. Optical sensor 164 receives light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the lightto data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module 143(also called a camera module), optical sensor 164 may capture stillimages or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located onthe back of device 100, opposite touch screen display 112 on the frontof the device, so that the touch screen display may be used as aviewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In someembodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device sothat the user's image may be obtained for videoconferencing while theuser views the other video conference participants on the touch screendisplay. In some embodiments, the position of optical sensor 164 can bechanged by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in thedevice housing) so that a single optical sensor 164 may be used alongwith the touch screen display for both video conferencing and stilland/or video image acquisition.

Device 100 may also include one or more proximity sensors 166. FIGS. 1Aand 1B show proximity sensor 166 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, proximity sensor 166 may be coupled to input controller 160in I/O subsystem 106. Proximity sensor 166 may perform as described inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector InHandheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In HandheldDevice”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To AugmentProximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response ToAnd Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No.11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration OfPeripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off anddisables touch screen 112 when the multifunction device is placed nearthe user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device 100 may also include one or more accelerometers 168. FIGS. 1A and1B show accelerometer 168 coupled to peripherals interface 118.Alternately, accelerometer 168 may be coupled to an input controller 160in I/O subsystem 106. Accelerometer 168 may perform as described in U.S.Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft DetectionSystem for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No.20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable DeviceBased On An Accelerometer,” both of which are which are incorporated byreference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information isdisplayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscapeview based on an analysis of data received from the one or moreaccelerometers. Device 100 optionally includes, in addition toaccelerometer(s) 168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASSor other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaininginformation concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait orlandscape) of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102include operating system 126, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130,graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, text input module (or setof instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set ofinstructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136.Furthermore, in some embodiments memory 102 stores device/globalinternal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 3. Device/globalinternal state 157 includes one or more of: active application state,indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; displaystate, indicating what applications, views or other information occupyvarious regions of touch screen display 112; sensor state, includinginformation obtained from the device's various sensors and input controldevices 116; and location information concerning the device's locationand/or attitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, oran embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various softwarecomponents and/or drivers for controlling and managing general systemtasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, powermanagement, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardwareand software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devicesover one or more external ports 124 and also includes various softwarecomponents for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/orexternal port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices orindirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). Insome embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin)connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.

Contact/motion module 130 may detect contact with touch screen 112 (inconjunction with display controller 156) and other touch sensitivedevices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motionmodule 130 includes various software components for performing variousoperations related to detection of contact, such as determining ifcontact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determiningif there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-draggingevents), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting afinger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determiningmovement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series ofcontact data, may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity(magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitudeand/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations may beapplied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiplesimultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). Insome embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, contact/motionmodule 130 and controller 160 detects contact on a click wheel.

Contact/motion module 130 may detect a gesture input by a user.Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contactpatterns. Thus, a gesture may be detected by detecting a particularcontact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includesdetecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) asthe finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As anotherexample, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surfaceincludes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or morefinger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting afinger-up (lift off) event.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components forrendering and displaying graphics on touch screen 112 or other display,including components for changing the intensity of graphics that aredisplayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object thatcan be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, webpages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys),digital images, videos, animations and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representinggraphics to be used. Each graphic may be assigned a corresponding code.Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codesspecifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinatedata and other graphic property data, and then generates screen imagedata to output to display controller 156.

Text input module 134, which may be a component of graphics module 132,provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g.,contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other applicationthat needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 foruse in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata,and to applications that provide location-based services such as weatherwidgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 may include the following modules (or sets ofinstructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact        list);    -   telephone module 138;    -   video conferencing module 139;    -   e-mail client module 140;    -   instant messaging (1M) module 141;    -   workout support module 142;    -   camera module 143 for still and/or video images;    -   image management module 144;    -   video player module 145;    -   music player module 146;    -   browser module 147;    -   calendar module 148;    -   widget modules 149, which may include one or more of: weather        widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3,        alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and other        widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets        149-6;    -   widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;    -   search module 151;    -   video and music player module 152, which merges video player        module 145 and music player module 146;    -   notes module 153;    -   map module 154; and/or    -   online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that may be stored in memory 102include other word processing applications, other image editingapplications, drawing applications, presentation applications,JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voicerecognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contactsmodule 137 may be used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g.,stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 inmemory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the addressbook; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephonenumber(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other informationwith a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sortingnames; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiateand/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, video conference 139,e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, contact module130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module138 may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to atelephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respectivetelephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up whenthe conversation is completed. As noted above, the wirelesscommunication may use any of a plurality of communications standards,protocols and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch screen 112, display controller 156, optical sensor164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138,videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions toinitiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user andone or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions tocreate, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to userinstructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mailclient module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails withstill or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executableinstructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to aninstant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit arespective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service(SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-basedinstant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-basedinstant messages), to receive instant messages and to view receivedinstant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or receivedinstant messages may include graphics, photos, audio files, video filesand/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an EnhancedMessaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers toboth telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) andInternet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, orIMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music player module 146,workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to createworkouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals);communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workoutsensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select andplay music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, opticalsensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130,graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143includes executable instructions to capture still images or video(including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modifycharacteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image orvideo from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and cameramodule 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructionsto arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete,present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/orvideo images.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, and speaker 111,video player module 145 includes executable instructions to display,present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch screen 112 or onan external, connected display via external port 124).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156,contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, music player module 146includes executable instructions that allow the user to download andplay back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or morefile formats, such as MP3 or AAC files. In some embodiments, device 100may include the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod(trademark of Apple Inc.).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions tobrowse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, includingsearching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portionsthereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendarmodule 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify,and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendarentries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149 aremini-applications that may be downloaded and used by a user (e.g.,weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3,alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by theuser (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, a widgetincludes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (CascadingStyle Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widgetincludes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file(e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, and browser module 147, the widget creator module 150 may beused by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portionof a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156,contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134,search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text,music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that matchone or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified searchterms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display controller 156, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to dolists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch screen 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 maybe used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associatedwith maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points ofinterest at or near a particular location; and other location-baseddata) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch screen 112, display system controller 156,contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140,and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes instructionsthat allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streamingand/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on anexternal, connected display via external port 124), send an e-mail witha link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videosin one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instantmessaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used tosend a link to a particular online video. Additional description of theonline video application can be found in U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, andGraphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20,2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “PortableMultifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for PlayingOnline Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the content of which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, andthus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwisere-arranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module 145may be combined with music player module 146 into a single module (e.g.,video and music player module 152, FIG. 1B). In some embodiments, memory102 may store a subset of the modules and data structures identifiedabove. Furthermore, memory 102 may store additional modules and datastructures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of apredefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/ora touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons,dials, and the like) on device 100 may be reduced.

The predefined set of functions that may be performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad include navigation between userinterfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user,navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any userinterface that may be displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, thetouchpad may be referred to as a “menu button.” In some otherembodiments, the menu button may be a physical push button or otherphysical input control device instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 (in FIGS. 1A and 1B) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter170 (e.g., in operating system 126) and a respective application 136-1(e.g., any of the aforementioned applications 137-151, 155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines theapplication 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to whichto deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes eventmonitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments,application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, whichindicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch sensitivedisplay 112 when the application is active or executing. In someembodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter170 to determine which application(s) is(are) currently active, andapplication internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determineapplication views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additionalinformation, such as one or more of: resume information to be used whenapplication 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state informationthat indicates information being displayed or that is ready for displayby application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back toa prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue ofprevious actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., auser touch on touch-sensitive display 112, as part of a multi-touchgesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receivesfrom I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166,accelerometer(s) 168, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/Osubsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display 112 or atouch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripheralsinterface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheralsinterface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there isa significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predeterminednoise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit viewdetermination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determinationmodule 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures fordetermining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views,when touch sensitive display 112 displays more than one view. Views aremade up of controls and other elements that a user can see on thedisplay.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is aset of views, sometimes herein called application views or userinterface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-basedgestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) inwhich a touch is detected may correspond to programmatic levels within aprogrammatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, thelowest level view in which a touch is detected may be called the hitview, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs may bedetermined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touchthat begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related tosub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multipleviews organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which shouldhandle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowestlevel view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the firstsub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potentialevent). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determinationmodule, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to thesame touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which viewor views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence ofsub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determinationmodule 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particularsequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizerdetermination module 173 determines that all views that include thephysical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, andtherefore determines that all actively involved views should receive aparticular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touchsub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with oneparticular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain asactively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an eventrecognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including activeevent recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined byactive event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the eventinformation, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet otherembodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part ofanother module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of eventhandlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of whichincludes instructions for handling touch events that occur within arespective view of the application's user interface. Each applicationview 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a pluralityof event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of eventrecognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interfacekit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, objectupdater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from eventsorter 170. Event handler 190 may utilize or call data updater 176,object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the application internalstate 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in someembodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, andGUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g.,event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from theevent information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 andevent comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 alsoincludes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event deliveryinstructions 188 (which may include sub-event delivery instructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. Theevent information includes information about a sub-event, for example, atouch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the eventinformation also includes additional information, such as location ofthe sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch the eventinformation may also include speed and direction of the sub-event. Insome embodiments, events include rotation of the device from oneorientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscapeorientation, or vice versa), and the event information includescorresponding information about the current orientation (also calleddevice attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined eventor sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines anevent or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event orsub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes eventdefinitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events(e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1(187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events inan event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touchmovement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, thedefinition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) onthe displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on thedisplayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition forevent 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, forexample, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for apredetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitivedisplay 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments,the event also includes information for one or more associated eventhandlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of anevent for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, eventcomparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interfaceobject is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an applicationview in which three user-interface objects are displayed ontouch-sensitive display 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitivedisplay 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine whichof the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch(sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respectiveevent handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit testto determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example,event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with thesub-event and the object triggering the hit test.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 alsoincludes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event informationuntil after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-eventsdoes or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series ofsub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, therespective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, eventfailed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequentsub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other eventrecognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue totrack and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate howthe event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to activelyinvolved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includesconfigurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how eventrecognizers may interact with one another. In some embodiments, metadata183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicatewhether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view orprogrammatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates eventhandler 190 associated with an event when one or more particularsub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with theevent to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinctfrom sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated withthe recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flagcatches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-eventdelivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-eventwithout activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event deliveryinstructions deliver event information to event handlers associated withthe series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlersassociated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved viewsreceive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used inapplication 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephonenumber used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in videoplayer module 145. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates andupdates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater176 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of auser-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUIupdater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to dataupdater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In someembodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 orapplication view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two ormore software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding eventhandling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies toother forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 withinput-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens, e.g.,coordinating mouse movement and mouse button presses with or withoutsingle or multiple keyboard presses or holds, user movements taps,drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads, pen stylus inputs, movement of thedevice, oral instructions, detected eye movements, biometric inputs,and/or any combination thereof, which may be utilized as inputscorresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touchscreen 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen maydisplay one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200. In thisembodiment, as well as others described below, a user may select one ormore of the graphics by making contact or touching the graphics, forexample, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scale in the figure)or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In someembodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the userbreaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, thecontact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps, one or moreswipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward)and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upwardand/or downward) that has made contact with device 100. In someembodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select thegraphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an applicationicon may not select the corresponding application when the gesturecorresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 may also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home”or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 may be usedto navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that may beexecuted on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menubutton is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on touch screen112.

In one embodiment, device 100 includes touch screen 112, menu button204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking thedevice, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module(SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging externalport 124. Push button 206 may be used to turn the power on/off on thedevice by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressedstate for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressingthe button and releasing the button before the predefined time intervalhas elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process.In an alternative embodiment, device 100 also may accept verbal inputfor activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device(such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device(e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includesone or more processing units (CPU's) 310, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communicationbuses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320may include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnectsand controls communications between system components. Device 300includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display 340, whichis typically a touch screen display. I/O interface 330 also may includea keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device) 350 and touchpad 355.Memory 370 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM,DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and mayinclude non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storagedevices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or othernon-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory 370 may optionallyinclude one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s) 310. Insome embodiments, memory 370 stores programs, modules, and datastructures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structuresstored in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG. 1), or asubset thereof. Furthermore, memory 370 may store additional programs,modules, and data structures not present in memory 102 of portablemultifunction device 100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 maystore drawing module 380, presentation module 382, word processingmodule 384, website creation module 386, disk authoring module 388,and/or spreadsheet module 390, while memory 102 of portablemultifunction device 100 (FIG. 1) may not store these modules.

Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 3 may be stored in one ormore of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the aboveidentified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing afunction described above. The above identified modules or programs(i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separatesoftware programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets ofthese modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in variousembodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370 may store a subset of themodules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 370may store additional modules and data structures not described above.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)that may be implemented on portable multifunction device 100.

FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate exemplary user interfaces for a menu ofapplications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Similar user interfaces may be implemented on device300. In some embodiments, user interface 400A includes the followingelements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 402 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 404;    -   Bluetooth indicator 405;    -   Battery status indicator 406;    -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:        -   Phone 138, which may include an indicator 414 of the number            of missed calls or voicemail messages;        -   E-mail client 140, which may include an indicator 410 of the            number of unread e-mails;        -   Browser 147; and        -   Music player 146; and    -   Icons for other applications, such as:        -   IM 141;        -   Image management 144;        -   Camera 143;        -   Video player 145;        -   Weather 149-1;        -   Stocks 149-2;        -   Workout support 142;        -   Calendar 148;        -   Calculator 149-3;        -   Alarm clock 149-4;        -   Dictionary 149-5; and        -   User-created widget 149-6.

In some embodiments, user interface 400B includes the followingelements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   402, 404, 405, 406, 141, 148, 144, 143, 149-3, 149-2, 149-1,        149-4, 410, 414, 138, 140, and 147, as described above;    -   Map 154;    -   Notes 153;    -   Settings 412, which provides access to settings for device 100        and its various applications 136, as described further below;    -   Video and music player module 152, also referred to as iPod        (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152; and    -   Online video module 155, also referred to as YouTube (trademark        of Google Inc.) module 155.

FIG. 4C illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from the display 450 (e.g.,touch screen display 112). Although many of the examples which followwill be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112(where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), insome embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surfacethat is separate from the display, as shown in FIG. 4C. In someembodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4C) has aprimary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4C) that corresponds to a primary axis(e.g., 453 in FIG. 4C) on the display (e.g., 450). In accordance withthese embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g., 460 and 462 inFIG. 4C) with the touch-sensitive surface 451 at locations thatcorrespond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in FIG. 4C 460corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470). In this way, user inputs(e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movements thereof) detected by thedevice on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4C) are used bythe device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g., 450 inFIG. 4C) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface isseparate from the display. It should be understood that similar methodsmay be used for other user interfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily withreference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures,finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in someembodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with inputfrom another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input).For example, a swipe gesture may be replaced with a mouse click (e.g.,instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the pathof the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As anotherexample, a tap gesture may be replaced with a mouse click while thecursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead ofdetection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact).Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, itshould be understood that multiple computer mice may be usedsimultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts may be usedsimultaneously.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)and associated processes that may be implemented on a multifunctiondevice with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, such as device 300or portable multifunction device 100.

FIGS. 5A-5LL illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying andnavigating through content in accordance with some embodiments. The userinterfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processesdescribed below, including the processes in FIGS. 6A-6G, 7, 8A-8D and9A-9D.

FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate exemplary user interfaces for detecting amulti-contact gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5006 from a firstposition 5006-a in FIG. 5A, to a second position 5006-b in FIG. 5B and athird position 5006-c in FIG. 5C) that starts in a region 5004-3 thatincludes an album thumbnail 5002-3 that is associated with content(e.g., a plurality of photos). In response to detecting themulti-contact gesture, the device displays representations (e.g.,content thumbnails 5008 in FIGS. 5B-5C) of the content associated withthe album thumbnail 5002-3. In response to detecting the multi-contactgesture, the device enlarges the representations 5008 of the content.

FIGS. 5B and 5A illustrate exemplary user interfaces for ceasing todisplay the representations 5008 of the content in response to detectingan end of the multi-contact gesture (e.g., liftoff of contacts 5006-b inFIG. 5B) when a resizing metric is below a predefined value. For examplein FIG. 5A, the device ceases to display the representations 5008 of thecontent and redisplays the album thumbnail 5002-3.

FIGS. 5C-5F illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying therepresentations 5008 of the content in a predefined arrangement (e.g.,5008 in FIG. 5F) in response to detecting an end of the multi-contactgesture (e.g., liftoff of contacts 5006-c in FIG. 5C) when a resizingmetric is above a predefined value. FIG. 5D illustrates moving therepresentations 5008 of the content to respective average positions.FIG. 5E illustrates rotating and resizing each representation of thecontent about its respective average position so as to display amulti-row array of representations of the content (e.g., therepresentation of Photo-2 is reduced in size and rotated clockwise). InFIG. 5F, the representations 5008 of the content are displayed in thepredefined arrangement.

FIGS. 5F-5H illustrate exemplary user interfaces for detecting amulti-contact gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5012 from a firstposition 5012-a in FIG. 5F, to a second position 5012-b in FIG. 5G and athird position 5012-c in FIG. 5H) that starts in a region 5010-8 thatincludes a content thumbnail 5008-8 that is associated with content(e.g., photos 5014-8 in FIGS. 5G-5H). In response to detecting themulti-contact gesture, the device displays content (e.g., 5014-8 inFIGS. 5B-5C) that is associated with the album thumbnail 5002-3. Inresponse to detecting the multi-contact gesture, the device enlarges thecontent 5014-8.

FIGS. 5F-5G and 5J-5K illustrate exemplary user interfaces fordisplaying the content 5014-8 in a predefined arrangement (e.g., 5014-8in FIG. 5K) in response to detecting an end of the multi-contact gesture(e.g., liftoff of contacts 5015-b in FIG. 5G) when a resizing metric isabove a predefined value. FIG. 5G illustrates rotating the content5014-8 by six degrees when the device detects that a primary axis 5016between two contacts in the multi-contact gesture has rotated by sixdegrees (e.g., from 5016-a in FIG. 5F to 5016-b in FIG. 5G). FIG. 5Jillustrates rotating and resizing the content 5014-8 so as to displaythe content in a slideshow arrangement as illustrated in FIG. 5K.

FIGS. 5H-5I and 5F illustrate exemplary user interfaces for ceasing todisplay the content 5014-8 in response to detecting an end of themulti-contact gesture (e.g., liftoff of contacts 5006-b in FIG. 5H) whena resizing metric is below a predefined value. For example in FIG. 5H,the device displays an animation of the content 5014-8 moving towardsthe initial region associated with the content thumbnail 5008-8. In FIG.5F, the device ceases to display the content 5014-8 and redisplays thecontent thumbnail 5008-8.

FIGS. 5K and 5L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating froma first image in a slideshow view (e.g., 5014-8 in FIG. 5K) to asubsequent image in the slideshow view (e.g., 5014-9 in FIG. 5L) inresponse to detecting a navigation input (e.g., swipe gesture 5018 inFIG. 5K).

FIGS. 5K and 5M-5N illustrate exemplary user interfaces for zoomingcontent (e.g., photo 5014-8 in FIG. 5M) in response to detecting ade-pinch gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5020 from a first location5020-a in FIG. 5K to a second location 5020-b in FIG. 5M), from a firstmagnification level (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5K) to a secondmagnification level (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5M) and maintainingthe content at the second magnification level (e.g., as illustrated inFIG. 5N) after the device ceases to detect the gesture (e.g., after thedevice detects liftoff of contacts 5020-b in FIG. 5M).

FIGS. 5K and 5O illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating froma first image in a slideshow view (e.g., 5014-8 in FIG. 5K) to asubsequent image in the slideshow view (e.g., 5014-15 in FIG. 5O) inresponse to detecting a navigation input (e.g., movement of contact 5022from a first position 5022-a in FIG. 5K to a second position 5022-b inFIG. 5O).

FIGS. 5O-5R illustrate exemplary user interfaces for exiting a slideshowmode in response to a multi-contact gesture (e.g., a multi-contactgesture including movement of contacts 5024 from a first position 5024-ain FIG. 5O towards each other to a second position 5024-b in FIG. 5P anda third position 5024-c in FIG. 5Q). FIG. 5Q illustrates rotating thecontent 5014-15 in accordance with the multi-contact gesture. FIG. 5Rillustrates the device displaying an animation of the content moving toa respective location in an updated array in response to detecting anend of the multi-contact gesture (e.g., in response to detecting liftoffof contacts 5024-c in FIG. 5Q), and redisplaying the content thumbnail5008-15 that is associated with the content.

FIGS. 5S-5V illustrate exemplary user interfaces for displaying andnavigating through content on a map interface. In FIG. 5S, the devicedisplays a map with a plurality of pins 5026 that are associated withgeographic locations on the map. In response to detecting a pinselection input (e.g., tap gesture 5028) the device displays an albumthumbnail 5002-6 that is associated with content. In response todetecting a multi-contact gesture (or de-pinch gesture includingmovement of contacts 5030 from a first location 5030-a in FIG. 5T to asecond location 5030-b in FIG. 5U), the device displays a plurality ofrepresentations of the content (e.g., 5008 in FIG. 5U) overlaid over themap. In FIG. 5V, when the resizing metric is above a predefined valueand the device detects an end of the multi-contact gesture (e.g.,liftoff of contacts 5030-b in FIG. 5U) the device displays therepresentations of the content 5008 in a predefined arrangement (e.g.,as illustrated in FIG. 5V).

FIGS. 5W-5Z illustrate exemplary user interfaces for navigating throughcontent using a presentation user interface with a display region 5034and a scrubber 5036. In FIG. 5W, the device displays a vertical scrubber5036 that includes a thumbnail representation 5038 or an enlargedthumbnail representation 5044-8 for all of the content items, where theenlarged thumbnail representation 5044-8 is displayed for the currentlydisplayed content item (e.g., photo 5014-8). In FIG. 5W the device alsodisplays a video playback icon 5042 that, when activated (e.g., inresponse to detecting a video play input such as tap gesture 5040),plays a video associated with the displayed content item. In FIG. 5X,the device displays a vertical scrubber 5036 that includes thumbnailrepresentations 5038 for a subset of the content items and an enlargedthumbnail representation 5044-8 for the currently displayed content item5014-8. In FIG. 5Y, the device displays a horizontal scrubber 5036 thatincludes a thumbnail representation 5038 or an enlarged thumbnailrepresentation 5044-9 for all of the content items, where the enlargedthumbnail representation 5044-9 is displayed for the currently displayedcontent item (e.g., photo 5014-9). In FIG. 5Z, the device displays ahorizontal scrubber 5036 that includes thumbnail representations 5038for a subset of the content items and an enlarged thumbnailrepresentation 5044-9 for the currently displayed content item.

FIGS. 5Z-5AA illustrate exemplary user interfaces for, in response to anavigation input (e.g., movement of contact 5046 from a location thatcorresponds to a first location on the scrubber 5046-a in FIG. 5Z to alocation on the touch screen that corresponds to a second location onthe scrubber 5046-b in FIG. 5AA): displaying content associated with thenavigation input (e.g., an image such as Photo-15 5014-15 in FIG. 5AAthat is associated with the second location on the scrubber), and, whenthe scrubber includes a thumbnail representation of the content (e.g.,thumbnail representation 5038-15 in FIG. 5Z), replacing the thumbnailrepresentation with an enlarged thumbnail representation (e.g., 5044-15in FIG. 5AA).

FIGS. 5Z and 5BB illustrate exemplary user interfaces for, in responseto a navigation input (e.g., movement of contact 5046 from a locationthat corresponds to a first location on the scrubber 5046-a in FIG. 5Zto a location on the touch screen that corresponds to a third locationon the scrubber 5046-c in FIG. 5BB): displaying content associated withthe navigation input (e.g., an image such as Photo-20 5014-20 in FIG.5BB that is associated with the second location on the scrubber), and,when the scrubber does not include a thumbnail representation of thecontent inserting an enlarged thumbnail representation (e.g., 5044-20 inFIG. 5BB) into the scrubber and adjusting the thumbnail representationsin the scrubber to accommodate the enlarged thumbnail representation.

FIGS. 5CC-5EE illustrate exemplary user interfaces for ceasing todisplay a slideshow thumbnail (e.g., 5060-3 in FIG. 5CC) and displayingrepresentations of slides (e.g., 5066 in FIG. 5DD) in response todetecting a de-pinch gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5064 from afirst location 5064-a in FIG. 5CC to a second location 5064-b in FIG.5DD), and in response to detecting an end of the multi-contact gesture(e.g., liftoff of contacts 5064-b in FIG. 5DD) when a resizing metric isabove a predefined value, displaying the representations 5066 of thecontent in a predefined arrangement (e.g., the arrangement of the slidethumbnails 5066 in FIG. 5EE).

FIGS. 5EE-5GG illustrate exemplary user interfaces for ceasing todisplay a slide thumbnail (e.g., 5066-8 in FIG. 5EE) and displaying aslide (e.g., 5072-8 in FIGS. 5FF-5GG) in response to detecting ade-pinch gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5070 from a first location5070-a in FIG. 5EE to a second location 5070-b in FIG. 5FF), and inresponse to detecting an end of the multi-contact gesture (e.g., liftoffof contacts 5070-b in FIG. 5FF) when a resizing metric is above apredefined value, displaying the slide in a predefined arrangement(e.g., at a size that fills a display region of the display), asillustrated in FIG. 5GG.

FIGS. 5HH-5JJ illustrate exemplary user interfaces for ceasing todisplay a document thumbnail (e.g., 5080-3 in FIG. 5HH) and displayingrepresentations of pages (e.g., 5086 in FIG. 5II) in response todetecting a de-pinch gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5084 from afirst location 5084-a in FIG. 5HH to a second location 5084-b in FIG.5II), and in response to detecting an end of the multi-contact gesture(e.g., liftoff of contacts 5084-b in FIG. 5II) when a resizing metric isabove a predefined value, displaying the representations 5066 of thecontent in a predefined arrangement (e.g., the arrangement of the pagethumbnails 5086 in FIG. 5JJ).

FIGS. 5JJ-5LL illustrate exemplary user interfaces for ceasing todisplay a page thumbnail (e.g., 5086-8 in FIG. 5JJ) and displaying apage (e.g., 5092-8 in FIGS. 5KK-5LL) in response to detecting a de-pinchgesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5090 from a first location 5090-a inFIG. 5JJ to a second location 5090-b in FIG. 5KK), and in response todetecting an end of the multi-contact gesture (e.g., liftoff of contacts5090-b in FIG. 5KK) when a resizing metric is above a predefined value,displaying the page in a predefined arrangement (e.g., at a size thatfills a display region of the display), as illustrated in FIG. 5LL.

FIGS. 6A-6G are flow diagrams illustrating a method 600 of displayingcontent associated with a thumbnail in accordance with some embodiments.The method 600 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300,FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1) with a display anda touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touchscreen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. Insome embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitivesurface. Some operations in method 600 may be combined and/or the orderof some operations may be changed.

As described below, the method 600 provides an intuitive way to displayand navigate through content. The method reduces the cognitive burden ona user when displaying and navigating through content, thereby creatinga more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, enabling a user to display and navigate through content fasterand more efficiently conserves power and increases the time betweenbattery charges.

In some embodiments, prior to displaying (602) the one or morethumbnails discussed in greater detail below, the device performsoperations 604-608, as described in greater detail below with referenceto FIGS. 5S-5V.

The device displays (610) one or more thumbnails (e.g., album thumbnails5002 in FIG. 5A or content thumbnails 5008 in FIG. 5F).

In some embodiments, the thumbnail is a selectable object (e.g., anicon) with a reduced scale image of a portion of content associated withthe thumbnail (e.g., a reduced scale image is representative of a set ofimages), as illustrated in FIG. 5A. For example, in FIG. 5A, each of thealbums represents a plurality of photos in a photo album, and eachthumbnail 5002 is a representation of a pile of photos where a reducedsize representation of one of the photos from the plurality of photos inthe photo album is on top of the pile.

In some embodiments, the thumbnail is a selectable object (e.g., anicon) with a reduced scale image of content associated with thethumbnail (e.g., when the thumbnail represents a single photo, thethumbnail is a reduced size representation of the single photo), asillustrated in FIG. 5F. For example, in FIG. 5F, each thumbnail 5008 isa representation a photo in a photo album.

In some embodiments, each respective thumbnail of the one or morethumbnails is located (611) at a respective initial region (e.g.,regions 5004 in FIG. 5A or regions 5010 in FIG. 5F) on the display andhas a respective initial size.

The device detects (612) a first contact and a second contact (e.g.,contacts 5006 in FIG. 5A or contacts 5012 in FIG. 5F) on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen 112). In some embodiments,the first contact and the second contact are detected (613) at locations(e.g., contacts 5006-a in FIG. 5A or contacts 5012-a in FIG. 5F) on thetouch-sensitive surface that correspond to an initial region (e.g.,5004-3 in FIG. 5A or 5010-8 in FIG. 5F) of the respective thumbnail(e.g., 5002-3 in FIG. 5A or 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) on the display.

Operations 616-644 are performed while continuing to detect (614) thefirst contact and the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., contacts 5006 with touch screen 112 in FIGS. 5A-5C or contacts5012 with touch screen 112 in FIGS. 5F-5H). The device detects (616) afirst multi-contact gesture that includes movement of the first contactand the second contact. For example, in FIGS. 5A-5C, the device detectsa multi-contact gesture that includes movement of the first and secondcontacts 5006 away from each other from a first position 5006-a in FIG.5A to a second position 5006-b in FIG. 5B, and finally a third position5006-c in FIG. 5C. As another example, in FIGS. 5F-5H, the devicedetects a multi-contact gesture that includes movement of the first andsecond contacts 5012 away from each other from a first position 5012-ain FIG. 5F to a second position 5012-b in FIG. 5G, and finally a towardseach other to a third position 5012-c in FIG. 5H.

Operations 622-644 are performed in response to detecting (620) thefirst multi-contact gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5006 in FIGS.5A-5C or movement of contacts 5012 in FIGS. 5F-5H).

The device displays (622) content associated with a respectivethumbnail. For example, displaying the content includes displayingrepresentations 5008 of multiple photos in FIG. 5B that were representedby the album thumbnail 5002-3 in FIG. 5A. As another example, displayingthe content includes displaying a representation of a single photo5014-8 in FIG. 5G that was represented by a content thumbnail 5008-8 inFIG. 5F.

In some embodiments, the content is initially displayed at a size thatcorresponds to the initial size of the respective thumbnail and at alocation that is proximate to an initial region (e.g., 5004-3 in FIG. 5Bor 5010-8 in FIG. 5F) of the respective thumbnail (e.g., 5002-3 in FIG.5A or 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) on the display (e.g., touch screen 112). Insome embodiments, the respective thumbnail (e.g., 5002-3 in FIG. 5A) isreplaced with one or more content items (e.g., representations of 5008content in FIGS. 5B-5C or content 5014 in FIGS. 5G-5J) associated withthe respective thumbnail so as to indicate that the respective thumbnailis associated with the one or more content items. For example, in FIG.5A, Album-3 5002-3 an album thumbnail of a photo album that isassociated with a plurality of photos of a birthday party, and thethumbnail is displayed to look like a pile of photos that has a photofrom the plurality of photos on top of the pile. In this example, thedevice displays an animation of the pile spreading out by displayingrepresentations (e.g., 5008) of photos from the plurality of photosspreading out across the screen, thereby indicating that these photosare associated with Album-3. As another example, in FIG. 5F, arespective content thumbnail 5008-8 is associated with a respectivephoto (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5G), and the thumbnail is a reducedsize representation of the respective photo (e.g. Photo-8 5014-8, inFIGS. 5G-5H). In this example, the device displays an animation of thephoto expanding from the region (e.g., 5010-8 in FIG. 5F) in which therespective content thumbnail 5008-8 was originally located, therebyindicating that the photo is associated with the respective contentthumbnail 5008-8 that was originally displayed in the region 5010-8.

In some embodiments, the content is a plurality of images (e.g.,representations 5008 of content in FIGS. 5B-5C) and the respectivethumbnail is (624) a representation of a stack of images (e.g., 5002-3in FIG. 5A) that displays at least one image of the plurality of images(e.g., the content is an album including representations of a pluralityof images and the thumbnail is displayed within an application view thatalso includes a plurality of thumbnails 5002 for other albums, asillustrated in FIG. 5A). In some embodiments, the content is a singleimage (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5G-5H), and the respective thumbnailis (626) a reduced-size representation (e.g., representation 5008-8 ofcontent in FIG. 5F) of the single image (e.g., the content is a photowithin an album and the thumbnail is displayed within an applicationview that also includes a plurality of thumbnails 5008 for other photoswithin the album, as illustrated in FIG. 5F).

In some embodiments, displaying the content includes ceasing (628) todisplay the respective thumbnail (e.g., replacing the thumbnail with thecontent), as illustrated in FIG. 5B, the thumbnail (e.g., 5002-3 in FIG.5A) that is associated with the displayed content (e.g., representations5008 of images in FIG. 5B) is no longer displayed. In some embodiments,the respective thumbnail is (630) a reduced-size representation (e.g.,content thumbnail 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) of the content (e.g., 5014-8 inFIGS. 5G-5H), and displaying the content includes enlarging therespective thumbnail. In other words, in some embodiments, the devicesmoothly transitions from displaying the respective thumbnail (e.g.,content thumbnail 5008-8 in FIG. 5G) to displaying the content (e.g.,Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5G) so that, to the user, it appears that thethumbnail has been stretched into the content.

In some embodiments, while detecting the first contact and the secondcontact, the device deter nines (632) a resizing metric (e.g., bycalculating a change in distance between contacts in the multi-contactgesture or by calculating a change in size of the content). In someembodiments, the resizing metric is a measure of the percentage changein the distance between the first contact and the second contact on thetouch-sensitive surface from the initial positions (e.g., when thedistance between the contacts 5006-b in FIG. 5B is 200% of the distancebetween the contacts 5006-a in FIG. 5A, the resizing metric is 2.0, orwhen the distance between the contacts 5012-b in FIG. 5G is 670% of thedistance between the contacts 5012-a in FIG. 5F, the resizing metric is6.7). In some embodiments, the resizing metric is a measure of thepercentage change in the size of the content (e.g., the content has aninitial size and increases in size in accordance with the firstmulti-contact gesture, and when the increased size of the content is twoand a half times as large as the initial size of the content, theresizing metric is 2.5). In some embodiments, the resizing metric is ameasure of the absolute size of the content (e.g., when a diagonalmeasurement of the content is 100 pixels, the resizing metric is 100).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-contactgesture, the device ceases (634) to display the respective thumbnail inan initial region. In some embodiments, ceasing to display therespective thumbnail in the initial region includes displaying ananimation of the respective thumbnail moving from its initial region toa region on the display that is associated with the first multi-contactgesture and transitioning the respective thumbnail to the contentassociated with the respective thumbnail. For example, in FIGS. 5A-5B,the device displays an animation of a smooth transition between thethumbnail (e.g., 5002-3 in FIG. 5A) that represents an album of photos,and a plurality of representations (e.g., 5008 in FIGS. 5B-5C) ofindividual photos that are associated with the thumbnail. As anotherexample, in FIGS. 5F-5G, the device displays an animation of a smoothtransition between the thumbnail (e.g., 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) thatrepresents a respective individual photo, and the respective individualphoto (e.g., 5014-8 in FIGS. 5G-5H) that is associated with thethumbnail.

The device enlarges (636) the content associated with the respectivethumbnail to a respective enlarged size in accordance with the firstmulti-contact gesture. For example, in FIGS. 5B-5C, the content (e.g.,the representations 5008 of a plurality of photos) is initiallydisplayed at a first size (e.g., the size of the representations 5008 ofa plurality of photos in FIG. 5B), and is displayed at a larger size(e.g., the size of the representations 5008 of a plurality of photos inFIG. 5C) as the contacts 5006 move away from each other (e.g., fromcontact location 5006-b in FIG. 5B to contact location 5006-c in FIG.5C). As another example, in FIGS. 5G-5H, the content (e.g., Photo-85014-8) is initially displayed at a first size (e.g., the size ofPhoto-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5G), and is displayed at a larger size (e.g., thesize of Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5H) as the contacts 5012 move away fromeach other (e.g., from contact location 5012-b in FIG. 5G to contactlocation 5012-c in FIG. 5H).

In some embodiments, the first multi-contact gesture includes bothde-pinching component(s) (e.g., movement of the contacts from a firstlocation 5012-a on the touch screen 112 in FIG. 5F away from each otherto a second location 5012-b on the touch screen 112 in FIG. 5G) andpinching component(s) (e.g., movement of the contacts from the secondlocation 5012-b on the touch screen 112 in FIG. 5G towards each other toa third location 5012-c on the touch screen 112 in FIG. 5H). In theseembodiments, in response to the de-pinching components, the deviceexpands the content (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5G is larger than thethumbnail of Photo-8 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) while in response to thepinching component(s), the device shrinks the content (e.g., Photo-85014-8 in FIG. 5H is smaller than Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5G). In otherwords, the content expands or shrinks as though it were printed on asheet of rubber that is being stretched by the multi-contact gesture,where pinch gestures compress the sheet of rubber and de-pinch gesturesexpand the sheet of rubber.

In some embodiments, the device enlarges (637) the content associatedwith the respective thumbnail to the respective enlarged size is inaccordance with the resizing metric (e.g., when the resizing metricincreases by one hundred percent, the size of the content increases byone hundred percent, etc.). In some embodiments, the device enlarges(638) the content associated with the respective thumbnail to therespective enlarged size is proportional to the resizing metric (e.g.,if the proportionality is ½×, then when the resizing metric increases byone hundred percent, the size of the content is increased by fiftypercent).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-contactgesture, the device translates (640) the content across the display inaccordance with the first multi-contact gesture. In some embodiments,enlarging and translating of the content occur simultaneously. Forexample, in FIGS. 5B-5C, in addition to moving apart, contacts 5006 moveto the left (e.g., from a second location 5006-b in FIG. 5B to a thirdlocation 5006-c in FIG. 5C) on the touch screen 112, and the devicetranslates the content (e.g., representations 5008 of photos in FIG. 5C)to the left. As another example, in FIGS. 5G-5H, in addition to movingapart, contacts 5012 move to the right (e.g., from a second location5012-b in FIG. 5G to a third location 50126-c in FIG. 5H) on the touchscreen 112, and the device translates the content (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8)to the right.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-contactgesture, the device rotates (642) the content. For example, in FIGS. 5Fand 5G, as a primary axis 5016 between the first contact and the secondcontact rotates (e.g., in FIG. 5F, the primary axis 5016-a issubstantially vertical, and in FIG. 5G the primary axis 5016 rotates sixdegrees counterclockwise from 5016-a to 5016-b), the content is rotateda corresponding amount (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 is rotated six degreescounterclockwise, as illustrated in FIG. 5G). In some embodiments,enlarging, rotating and or translating of the content occursimultaneously, as illustrated in FIG. 5G, where Photo-8 5014-8 issimultaneously rotated counterclockwise and translated to the right.

In some embodiments, the one or more thumbnails includes a plurality ofthumbnails (e.g., 5002-1, 5002-2, 5002-4 and/or 5005-4 in FIGS. 5A-5C or5008-1, 5008-2, 5008-3, 5008-4, 5008-5, 5008-6, 5008-7, 5008-9, 5008-10,5008-11, 5008-12, 5008-13, 5008-14, and/or 5008-15 in FIG. 5F) otherthan the respective thumbnail (e.g., 5002-3 in FIG. 5A or 5008-8 in FIG.5F), and when the resizing metric based on the first multi-contactgesture reaches a predefined threshold the device fades out (644) theplurality of thumbnails (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5C and in FIG.5G). In some embodiments, this fading is smooth. In some embodiments,the device exhibits hysteresis behavior when fading the plurality ofthumbnails. For example, in an embodiment employing hysteresis where theplurality of thumbnails are faded out when the resizing metric reachesan initial threshold, the plurality of thumbnails are not faded in untilthe resizing metric reaches a hysteresis threshold that is less than theinitial threshold. It should be understood that employing hysteresisbehavior in when fading out background reduces visual jitter in thedisplay, by preventing the device from switching back and forth betweenthe “faded in” state and the “faded out” state in response to smallchanges in the resizing metric when the resizing metric is close to thethreshold value.

The device detects (650) termination of the first multi-contact gesture(e.g., detecting liftoff of the first contact and the second contact).Operations 654-694 are performed in response to detecting (652)termination of the first multi-contact gesture. When the resizing metricbased on the first multi-contact gesture is (654) below a predefinedthreshold, the device ceases (655) to display the content at therespective enlarged size. For example, if the device detects a liftoffof contacts 5006-b in FIG. 5B, and the resizing metric is below thepredefined threshold, the device ceases to display the representations5008 of photos, and returns to the user interface that was displayedbefore detecting the contacts 5006, as illustrated in FIG. 5A. Asanother example, if the device detects a liftoff of contacts 5012-c inFIG. 5H, and the resizing metric is below the predefined threshold, thedevice ceases to display the photo 5014-8, and returns to the userinterface that was displayed before detecting the contacts 5012, asillustrated in FIG. 5F.

In some embodiments, redisplaying the thumbnail includes displaying ananimation of the content shrinking down to the size of the respectivethumbnail, transforming into the respective thumbnail and moving back tothe initial region of the respective thumbnail on the display. Forexample, in FIG. 5B, when the device detects a liftoff of contacts5006-b, the device transitions from the user interface displayed in FIG.5B (e.g., including representations 5008 of photos) to the userinterface displayed in FIG. 5A (e.g., including thumbnail 5002-3) bydisplaying the representations 5008 of the photos moving together toform a pile of photos and transitioning to the thumbnail 5002-3. Asanother example, in FIG. 5I, when the device detects a liftoff ofcontacts 5012-c, the device transitions from the user interfacedisplayed in FIG. 5I (e.g., including Photo-8 5014-8) to the userinterface displayed in FIG. 5F (e.g., including content thumbnail5008-8) by displaying Photo-8 5014-8 moving towards the region (e.g.,5010-8 in FIG. 5I) that previously included the content thumbnail (e.g.,5008-8 in FIG. 5F) for the photo, as illustrated in FIG. 5I.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting termination of the firstmulti-contact gesture, when the resizing metric based on the firstmulti-contact gesture is below the predefined threshold, the deviceredisplays (656) the respective thumbnail (e.g., album thumbnail 5002-3in FIG. 5A or content thumbnail 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) in the initial region(e.g., 5004-3 in FIG. 5A or 5010-8 in FIG. 5F). In some embodiments, therespective thumbnail is redisplayed after the transition animationdescribed above for transitioning between displaying the content anddisplaying the respective thumbnail for the content.

It should be understood that ceasing to display the content when theresizing metric is below the predefined threshold is particularlyadvantageous in situations where the user reviews the content (e.g., therepresentations 5008 of photos in an Album-3 or the full size photo5014-8) without actually causing the device to perform an operation thatopens the content. In other words, the user is able to preview theactual contents of the album and then cause the device to cease todisplay the previewed contents in a single gesture if the user decidesthat it is unnecessary to need to actually open the content. Thispreview operation is faster for the user and more computationallyefficient for the computer and thus improves the speed and efficiency ofthe machine-user interface, thereby conserving energy and improvingbattery life.

When the resizing metric based on the first multi-contact gesture isabove the predefined threshold, the device displays (658) the content onthe display in a predefined arrangement. For example, in FIG. 5J, thedevice detects a liftoff of contacts 5012-b in FIG. 5G, and in responseto detecting liftoff of the contacts 5012-b, the device expands androtates the content (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5J) and displays thecontent in a predefined arrangement (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 is displayedin a slideshow view in FIG. 5K).

In some embodiments, the predefined arrangement includes displaying thecontent at a predefined orientation. As one example, in FIGS. 5B-5F therepresentations 5008 of the photos have an orientation where one edge ofeach photo is determined to be a top the representation of the photo,and displaying the photos in the predefined arrangement includesdisplaying the photos with the top of the photo oriented towards the topof the touch screen 112, as illustrated in FIG. 5F. As another example,in FIGS. 5G-5K the photo 5014-8 has an orientation where one edge isdetermined to be the top of the photo, and displaying the photo in thepredefined arrangement includes displaying the photos 5014-8 in aslideshow view with the top of the photo oriented towards the top of thetouch screen 112, as illustrated in FIG. 5K. In some embodiments, thepredefined arrangement includes displaying the content at a predefinedsize (e.g., a size that is small enough to fit in an M×N array on thetouch screen 112, as illustrated in FIG. 5F or a size that is largeenough to substantially fill the vertical or horizontal size of adisplay region of the touch screen 112, as illustrated in FIG. 5K).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-contactgesture, the device rotates the content to an arbitrary angle (e.g., sixdegrees) in accordance with the first multi-contact gesture (e.g., aprimary axis 5016 between the first and second contact is rotated from afirst orientation 5016-a to a second orientation 5016-b and the content5014-8 is rotated accordingly, as described in greater detail above withreference to FIG. 5G), and displaying the content on the display in thepredefined arrangement includes snapping (660) the content to thepredefined orientation, as illustrated in FIG. 5K, where Photo-8 5014-8is displayed with the top of the photo proximate to a top of the display(e.g., touch screen 112).

In some embodiments, the content includes a plurality of content items(e.g., representations 5008 of the photos in FIG. 5C), and displayingthe content on the display in the predefined arrangement includesdisplaying (662) the content items in a multi-row grid of components(e.g., representations 5008 of photos in a photo album “Album-3” aredisplayed in a grid or array on the display in FIGS. 5D-5F). In someembodiments, the device displays a transition animation of displayingthe content on the display in the predefined arrangement. For example,as illustrated in FIG. 5D, the device moves at least a subset of therepresentations (e.g., 5008 in FIG. 5D) of the photos to respectiveaverage positions in the multi-row grid of components. Subsequently, asillustrated in FIG. 5E, the device rotates and/or resizes at least asubset of the representations (e.g., 5008-1, 5008-2 and 5008-3 in FIG.5E) of the representations of the photos about their average positions,so that the representations (e.g., 5008 in FIG. 5F) of the photos aredisplayed at the predefined size and predefined orientation, asillustrated in FIG. 5F. For example, in FIG. 5E, the representation ofPhoto-2 5008-2 is reduced in size and rotated clockwise, while therepresentation of Photo-9 5008-9 is rotated counter clockwise and therepresentation of Photo-8 5008-8 is increased in size and rotatedclockwise.

In some embodiments, displaying the content on the display in thepredefined arrangement includes displaying (664) the content in aslideshow mode (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 is displayed in a slideshow mode inFIG. 5K). In some embodiments, the content is an image (e.g., Photo-8),and the other respective thumbnails (e.g., thumbnails 5008-1, 5008-2,5008-3, 5008-4, etc.) of the one or more thumbnails are associated withother respective images (e.g., 5014-1, 5014-2, 5014-3, 5014-4respectively) that are also part of the slideshow (e.g., the previousimage and the next image in the slideshow). In some of theseembodiments, while the user interface is in slideshow mode, the devicedetects (669) a navigation input. In these embodiments, in response todetecting the navigation input, the device navigates (670) from thecontent to an adjacent image. As one example, the navigation input is aswipe gesture (e.g., leftward swipe gesture 5018 in FIG. 5K), and inresponse to detecting the swipe gesture, the device displays a nextimage in slideshow view (e.g., Photo-9 in FIG. 5014-9 in FIG. 5K). Itshould be understood that, in some embodiments when the swipe gesture issubstantially opposite to the gesture, the device navigates through theslide show in an opposite direction (e.g., when the swipe is a rightwardswipe instead of a leftward swipe, the device navigates to a previousimage instead of navigating to a next image).

In some embodiments, enlarging the content includes resizing (672) thecontent to an arbitrary size (e.g., 5014-8 in FIG. 5G has been resizedto an arbitrary size); displaying the content in a predefinedarrangement in response to detecting termination of the firstmulti-contact gesture includes snapping the content to a predefined size(e.g., in FIG. 5J-5K, after ceasing to detect contacts 5012-b in FIG.5G, the device snaps Photo-8 to a predefined size, as illustrated inFIG. 5K). It should be understood that the arbitrary size could beeither larger or smaller than the predefined size. In some embodiments,the device detects (674) a third contact and a fourth contact (e.g.,5020 in FIG. 5L) on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen112). In these embodiments the device also detects (676) a secondmulti-contact gesture that includes the third contact and the fourthcontact (e.g., the device detects a de-pinch gesture including movementof the contacts 5020 from a first position 5020-a in FIG. 5K to a secondposition 5020-b in FIG. 5M). In response to detecting the secondmulti-contact gesture, the device enlarges (678) the content to anenlarged size that is larger than the predefined size in accordance withthe second multi-contact gesture (e.g., in FIG. 5K, prior to detectingthe de-pinch gesture, the device displays Photo-8 5014-8 at thepredefined size, and in FIG. 5M, after detecting the de-pinch gesture,the device displays Photo-8 5014-8 at a size that is larger than thepredefined size. In these embodiments, the device also detects (680)termination of the second multi-contact gesture (e.g., the devicedetects liftoff of contacts 5020-b in FIG. 5M). After detectingtermination of the second multi-contact gesture, the device continues(682) to display the content at the enlarged size (e.g., as illustratedin FIG. 5N).

In other words, in the embodiment described above, in a first contentmanipulation mode (as illustrated in FIGS. 5F-5J) when a plurality ofthumbnails are displayed, and the user resizes content associated withone of the thumbnails to an arbitrary size the device either snaps thecontent to a predefined size or ceases to display the content andredisplays the thumbnail when the gesture ends; in contrast in a secondcontent manipulation mode (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 5K and 5M-5N)when the content is displayed in a slideshow mode, and the user resizesthe content to an arbitrary size, the device leaves the content at thearbitrary size when the gesture ends. The combination of these two modes(e.g., the first content manipulation mode where content snaps to apredefined size and the second content manipulation mode where contentremains at an arbitrary size) is particularly advantageous inembodiments where the first content manipulation mode is primarily acontent navigation mode where the user is navigating through ahierarchy, and the second content manipulation mode is primarily acontent display mode. This embodiment is particularly advantageous insuch circumstances, because in a content navigation mode a user is morelikely to want to switch between levels (e.g., from viewing all of thephotos in an album to viewing a single photo); while in a contentdisplay mode a user is more likely to want to view detail of the content(e.g., by zooming in to a particular part of a photo and panning aroundthe photo). Thus this combination of modes produces a more efficientmachine-user interface, thereby decreasing energy use and improvingbattery life.

In some embodiments, the one or more thumbnails include (684) therespective thumbnail and a plurality of other thumbnails arranged as aninitial array of thumbnails (e.g., the multi-row arrangement of contentthumbnails 5008 in FIG. 5G-5I where content thumbnail 5008-8 is notdisplayed); the content is a first image (e.g., 5014-8 in FIG. 5G); anddisplaying the content in a predefined arrangement includes displayingthe first image in a slideshow mode (e.g., 5014-8 in FIG. 5K). In theseembodiments, while in slideshow mode, the device navigates (686) fromthe first image to a subsequent image in the slideshow mode (e.g., inresponse to detecting user input). For example, in FIG. 5K, the devicedetects a contact 5022-a with a scrubber on the touch screen 112 anddetects subsequent movement of the contact along the scrubber to alocation (e.g., 5022-b in FIG. 5O) on the scrubber that corresponds to asubsequent image (e.g., Photo-15 5014-15 in the scrubber). In thisexample in response to detecting the contact 5022-b in FIG. 5O, thedevice navigates from the first image (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 in FIG. 5K)to the subsequent image (e.g., Photo-15 5014-15 in FIG. 5O).

In these embodiments, while in slideshow mode, the device also detects athird contact and a fourth contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,5024-a in FIG. 5O). In these embodiments, the device also detects (688)a second multi-contact gesture that includes the third contact and thefourth contact (e.g., a pinch gesture that includes movement of thecontacts 5024 from a first position 5024-a in FIG. 5O towards each otherto a second position 5024-b in FIG. 5P). In some embodiments, the secondmulti-contact gesture also includes further movement of the contacts5024 (e.g., rotation of the contacts 5024 from the second position5024-b in FIG. 5P to a third position 5024-c in FIG. 5Q), and inresponse to the further movement of the contacts, the device moves thecontent in accordance with the further movement (e.g., in FIGS. 5P-5Q,the device rotates Photo-15 5014-15 in FIG. 5Q in accordance with themovement of the contacts from the second location 5024-b in FIG. 5P tothe third location 5024-c in FIG. 5Q).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the second multi-contactgesture, the device also exits (690) the slideshow mode (e.g., asillustrated in FIGS. 5P-5Q). In some embodiments, in response todetecting the second multi-contact gesture, the device also displays anupdated array of content thumbnails that does not include a thumbnailfor the subsequent image (e.g., no content thumbnail is displayed inregion 5010-15 in FIG. 5Q); and, shrinks the subsequent image inaccordance with the second multi-contact gesture (e.g., 5014-15 in FIG.5P). In some embodiments, the updated array of content thumbnails doesinclude a thumbnail for the first image (e.g., 5008-8 in FIG. 5Q), whichindicates that the currently selected image is not the first image.

In some embodiments, the device also detects (692) termination of thesecond multi-contact gesture (e.g., detecting liftoff of the thirdcontact and the fourth contact 5024-c in FIG. 5R). In these embodiments,in response to detecting termination of the second multi-contactgesture, the device displays (694) a thumbnail for the subsequent imagein the updated array (e.g., 5008-15 in FIG. 5R). In some embodiments,the device displays an animation of the subsequent image shrinking andmoving to a position in the updated array of thumbnails that correspondsto a location of a thumbnail for the subsequent image in the initialarray of thumbnails (e.g., region 5010-15 in FIG. 5R). For example, inFIG. 5R, the device shrinks and rotates the content (e.g., Photo-15 froma first size and rotation 5014-15-a to a second size and rotation5014-15-b in FIG. 5R) and finally displays the content thumbnail (e.g.,5008-15 in FIG. 5R) for the subsequent image (e.g., Photo-15 5014-15) ina region for the thumbnail (e.g., 5010-15 in FIG. 5R).

In some embodiments, operations 604-608 are performed prior todisplaying (602) the respective thumbnail. In some embodiments, thedevice displays (604) a plurality of pins on a map (e.g., 5026 in FIG.5S). In these embodiments, each of the pins is representative of contentthat is associated with a geographic location (e.g., a first pin 5026-1is associated with San Francisco, Calif., a second pin 5026-2 isassociated with Yellowstone Park, a third pin 5026-3 is associated withSanta Fe, N. Mex., and a fourth pin 5026-4 is associated with FortLauderdale Fla.). In these embodiments, each of the pins is displayed ata respective location on the map that corresponds to the geographiclocation of the content represented by the pin, as illustrated in FIG.5S. In some embodiments, the device detects (606) a pin selection input(e.g., tap gesture 5028 in FIG. 5S) associated with a respective pin(e.g., 5026-1 in FIG. 5S) of the plurality of pins. In response todetecting the pin selection input, the device displays (608) therespective thumbnail (e.g., 5002-6 in FIG. 5T). In some embodiments, therespective thumbnail is displayed proximate to the respective pin (e.g.,5026-1 in FIG. 5T).

In these embodiments, the first contact and the second contact on thetouch-sensitive surface are detected with the respective thumbnail(e.g., contacts 5030 with touch screen 112 in FIGS. 5T-5U), and thefirst multi-contact gesture that is detected by the device includesmovement of the first contact and the second contact. For example, inFIGS. 5T-5U, the device detects a multi-contact gesture that includesmovement of the first and second contacts 5030 away from each other froma first position 5030-a in FIG. 5T to a second position 5030-b in FIG.5U. In some embodiments, the respective thumbnail is representative ofrespective content that is associated with a respective geographicallocation, the respective thumbnail is displayed on a map in a region onthe map that corresponds to the respective geographical locationassociated with the content represented by the respective thumbnail,and, enlarging the content associated with the respective thumbnailincludes displaying (696) the content associated with the respectivethumbnail overlaid on the map. For example, in FIG. 5U, the devicedisplays content (e.g., representations 5008 of photos in FIG. 5U)associated with a respective thumbnail (e.g., 5002-6 in FIG. 5T)overlaid over the map.

In some embodiments, when a resizing metric based on the firstmulti-contact gesture is below a predefined threshold, the device ceasesto display the content at the respective enlarged size (e.g., the devicedisplays the user interface including the respective thumbnail 5002-6,as illustrated in FIG. 5T).

In contrast, when the resizing metric based on the first multi-contactgesture is above the predefined threshold, the device displays thecontent on the display in a predefined arrangement. For example, thedevice displays the content in a multi-row array (e.g., the contentthumbnails 5008 are displayed in a multi-row array in FIG. 5V).

Note that details of the processes described above with respect tomethod 600 (e.g., FIGS. 6A-6G, and 5A-5V) are also applicable in ananalogous manner to the method described below. For example, theselectable objects and associated content described with reference toFIG. 7 may have one or more of the characteristics of the thumbnails andassociated content described above with reference to method 600. Forbrevity, these details are not repeated below.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 700 of displaying contentassociated with a selectable object in accordance with some embodiments.The method 700 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300,FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1) with a display anda touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touchscreen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. Insome embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitivesurface. Some operations in method 700 may be combined and/or the orderof some operations may be changed.

As described below, the method 700 provides an intuitive way to displayand navigate through content. The method reduces the cognitive burden ona user when displaying and navigating through content, thereby creatinga more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, enabling a user to display and navigate through content fasterand more efficiently conserves power and increases the time betweenbattery charges.

The device displays (702) one or more selectable objects (e.g., icons5002 in FIG. 5A or pins 5026 in FIG. 5S). The device detects (704) afirst contact and a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,contacts 5006 in FIG. 5A or contacts 5032 in FIG. 5S).

Operations 708-714 are performed while continuing to detect (706) thefirst contact and the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., contacts 5006 in FIG. 5A or contacts 5032 in FIG. 5S).

The device detects (708) a first multi-contact gesture that includesmovement of the first contact and the second contact (e.g., movement ofcontacts 5006 away from a first location 5006-a in FIG. 5A away fromeach other to a second location 5006-b in FIG. 5B or movement ofcontacts 5032 away from a first location 5032-a in FIG. 5S away fromeach other to a second location 5032-b in FIG. 5U). Operations 712-714are performed in response to detecting 710 the first multi-contactgesture. The device displays (712) content associated with a respectiveselectable object (e.g., representations 5008 of photos associated withalbum icon 5002 in FIG. 5B or representations 5008 of photos associatedwith pin 5026-1 in FIG. 5U). The device enlarges (714) the content(e.g., representations 5008 of photos in FIGS. 5B-5D) associated withthe respective selectable object (e.g., album thumbnail 5002-3 in FIG.5A) to a respective enlarged size in accordance with the firstmulti-contact gesture, as described above in greater detail withreference to FIGS. 5B-5D.

The device detects (716) termination of the first multi-contact gesture(e.g., detecting liftoff of the first contact and the second contact5006 in FIG. 5C or detecting liftoff of the first contact and the secondcontact 5032-b in FIG. 5U). Operations 720-722 are performed in responseto detecting (718) termination of the first multi-contact gesture. Whena resizing metric based on the first multi-contact gesture is below apredefined threshold, the device ceases (720) to display the content atthe respective enlarged size (e.g., and redisplays the album thumbnail5002-3, as illustrated in FIG. 5A or redisplays the pin 5026-1 withoutany representations of associated photos, as illustrated in FIG. 5S).When the resizing metric based on the first multi-contact gesture isabove the predefined threshold, the device displays (722) the content onthe display in a predefined arrangement (e.g., representations 5008 ofphotos are displayed in a multi row array, as illustrated in FIG. 5F orFIG. 5V). In some embodiments, the content is displayed in a predefinedorientation as well (e.g., each of the respective representations 5008of a photo has a respective edge that is designated as a top of thephoto, and displaying the photos in the predefined arrangement includesdisplaying the photos with the top of the photo oriented towards the topof the touch screen 112, as illustrated in FIGS. 5F and 5V).

Note that details of the processes described above with respect tomethod 600 (e.g., FIGS. 6A-6G, and 5A-5V) are also applicable in ananalogous manner to the method described below. For example, the albumthumbnails, the content thumbnails described with reference to FIGS.8A-8D may have one or more of the characteristics of the thumbnailsdescribed above with reference to method 600. For brevity, these detailsare not repeated below. As another example, the representations ofcontent and associated content described with reference to FIGS. 8A-8Dmay have one or more of the characteristics of the content describedabove with reference to method 600. For brevity, these details are notrepeated below.

FIGS. 8A-8D are flow diagrams illustrating a method 800 of displayingcontent associated with a thumbnail in accordance with some embodiments.The method 800 is performed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300,FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1) with a display anda touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touchscreen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. Insome embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitivesurface. Some operations in method 800 may be combined and/or the orderof some operations may be changed.

As described below, the method 800 provides an intuitive way to displayand navigate through content. The method reduces the cognitive burden ona user when displaying and navigating through content, thereby creatinga more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computingdevices, enabling a user to display and navigate through content fasterand more efficiently conserves power and increases the time betweenbattery charges.

The device displays (802) a plurality of album thumbnails (e.g., 5002 inFIG. 5A). A respective album thumbnail represents (804) a respectiveplurality of content items (e.g., the album thumbnail is a selectableobject with a reduced scale image that represents an album that includesa plurality of digital images). In some embodiments, each respectivealbum thumbnail of the plurality of album thumbnails (e.g., 5002 in FIG.5A) is located (806) at a respective initial region (e.g., 5004 in FIG.5A) on the display and has a respective initial size. For example, thealbum thumbnail 5002-3 for Album-3 is displayed at a respective initialregion 5004-3 in FIG. 5A.

The device detects (808) a first contact and a second contact (e.g.,5006 in FIG. 5A) on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen112). In some embodiments, the first contact and the second contact aredetected (810) at locations on the touch-sensitive surface thatcorrespond to an initial region of a respective album thumbnail on thedisplay (e.g., the contacts 5006 are detected on the touch screen 112within the initial region 5004-3 for the album thumbnail 5002-3 forAlbum-3 in FIG. 5A).

Operations 814-820 are performed while continuing to detect (812) thefirst contact and the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface.

The device detects a first multi-contact gesture that includes movementof the first contact and the second contact (e.g., the device detectsmovement of contacts 5006 from a first location 5006-a in FIG. 5A awayfrom each other to a second location 5006-b in FIG. 5B and subsequentlyto a third location 5006-c in FIG. 5C). Operations 818-820 are performedin response to detecting (816) the first multi-contact gesture. Thedevice displays (818) representations (e.g., content thumbnails 5008 inFIG. 5B) of content items associated with the respective album thumbnail(e.g., 5002-3 in FIG. 5A). In some embodiments, the representations ofthe content items are initially displayed at a size that corresponds toan initial size of the respective album thumbnail and at a location thatis proximate to the initial region of the respective album thumbnail onthe display. For example, in FIG. 5B, the content thumbnails 5008 aredisplayed at a size that is approximately equal to a size of the albumthumbnail 5002-3, and they are displayed proximate to the initial region5004-3 if the album thumbnail 5002-3.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first multi-contactgesture, the device ceases (820) to display the respective albumthumbnail in an initial region of the respective album thumbnail (e.g.,in FIG. 5B, after the first multi-contact gesture has been detected, thealbum thumbnail 5002-3 for Album-3 is not displayed). In someembodiments, ceasing to display the respective album thumbnail in theinitial region includes displaying an animation of the respective albumthumbnail moving from its initial position on the display to a positionon the display that is associated with the first multi-contact gestureand transitioning the respective album thumbnail (e.g., 5002-3 in FIG.5A) to the representations of content items (e.g., content thumbnails5008 in FIG. 5B) that are associated with the respective albumthumbnail. For example, in FIGS. 5A-5B, the device displays an animationof a smooth transition between the thumbnail (e.g., 5002-3 in FIG. 5A)that represents an album of photos, and a plurality of representations(e.g., 5008 in FIGS. 5B-5C) of individual photos that are associatedwith the thumbnail.

The device detects (822) termination of the first multi-contact gesture(e.g., by detecting liftoff of the first contact and the second contact5006). Operations 826-830 are performed in response to detecting (824)termination of the first multi-contact gesture.

Operations 828-830 are performed when a first resizing metric based onthe first multi-contact gesture is below a predefined threshold (e.g.,when the device detects a liftoff of contacts 5006-b in FIG. 5B). Thedevice ceases (828) to display the representations of the content itemsassociated with the respective album thumbnail. In some embodiments, thedevice also redisplays (830) the album thumbnail at the initial regionon the display in the plurality of album thumbnails. For example, whenthe first resizing metric is below a predefined threshold, (e.g., asillustrated in FIG. 5B), the device returns the user interface to theconfiguration that was displayed prior to detecting the firstmulti-contact gesture (e.g., a user interface that does not include thecontent thumbnails 5008 and includes the respective album thumbnail5002-3, as illustrated in FIG. 5A).

When the first resizing metric based on the first multi-contact gestureis above the predefined threshold, the device displays (832) therepresentations of the content items associated with the respectivealbum thumbnail on the display in a first predefined arrangement (e.g.,in a multi-row grid, as illustrated in FIG. 5F). A respectiverepresentation of a content item is a respective content thumbnail(e.g., 5008 in FIGS. 5D-5F) that is associated with a respective contentitem. In some embodiments, the device displays a transition animation ofdisplaying the content on the display in the predefined arrangement. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 5D, the device moves at least a subsetof the representations of the content items (e.g., content thumbnails5008 in FIG. 5D) to respective average positions in the multi-row gridof components. Subsequently, as illustrated in FIG. 5E, the devicerotates and/or resizes at least a subset of the content thumbnails(e.g., 5008-1, 5008-2, 5008-3, and 5008-4 in FIG. 5E) about theirrespective average positions, so that the content thumbnails (e.g., 5008in FIG. 5F) are displayed at the predefined size and predefinedorientation, as illustrated in FIG. 5F. For example, in FIG. 5E, therepresentation of Photo-2 5008-2 is reduced in size and rotatedclockwise, while the representation of Photo-9 5008-9 is rotatedcounterclockwise and the representation of Photo-8 5008-8 is increasedin size and rotated clockwise.

While displaying the representations of the content items associatedwith the respective album thumbnail on the display in the firstpredefined arrangement, the device detects (834) a third contact and afourth contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., contacts 5012 inFIG. 5F). In some embodiments, the third contact and the fourth contactare detected (836) at locations on the touch-sensitive surface thatcorrespond to an initial region (e.g., 5010-8 in FIG. 5F) of therespective content thumbnail (e.g., 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) on the display.

Operations 840-846 are performed while continuing to detect the thirdcontact and the fourth contact on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,5012 in FIGS. 5F-5H). The device detects (848) a second multi-contactgesture that includes movement of the third contact and the fourthcontact. For example, in FIGS. 5F-5H, the device detects a multi-contactgesture that includes movement of the third and fourth contacts 5012away from each other from a first position 5012-a in FIG. 5F to a secondposition 5012-b in FIG. 5G, and finally a towards each other at a thirdposition 5012-c in FIG. 5H.

In response to detecting the second multi-contact gesture, the devicedisplays (844) the respective content item (e.g., 5014-8 in FIGS. 5G-5H)that is associated with the respective content thumbnail (e.g., 5008-8in FIG. 5F). In some embodiments, the content item is initiallydisplayed at a size that corresponds to the initial size of therespective content thumbnail and a location that is proximate to theinitial region (e.g., 5010-8 in FIG. 5F) of the respective contentthumbnail (E.g., 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) on the display. In some embodiments,the content thumbnail (e.g., 5008-8 in FIG. 5F) is replaced with thecontent item (e.g., 5014-8 in FIG. 5G) associated with the contentthumbnail so as to indicate that the content thumbnail includes thecontent item. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the secondmulti-contact gesture (e.g., movement of contacts 5012 in FIGS. 5F-5H),the device ceases (846) to display the respective content thumbnail(e.g., 5008-8 in FIG. 5F), as illustrated in FIGS. 5G-5I.

The device detects (848) termination of the second multi-contact gesture(e.g., detecting liftoff of the third contact and the fourth contact).

Operations 852-870 are performed in response to detecting (850)termination of the second multi-contact gesture. Operations 854-856 areperformed when a second resizing metric based on the secondmulti-contact gesture is (852) below a predefined threshold, the deviceceases (854) to display the respective content item that is associatedwith the respective content thumbnail. In some embodiments, the devicealso redisplays (856) the respective content thumbnail. For example, inFIG. 5I, when the device detects a liftoff of contacts 5012-c, thedevice transitions from the user interface displayed in FIG. 5I (e.g.,including Photo-8 5014-8) to the user interface displayed in FIG. 5F bydisplaying Photo-8 5014-8 moving towards the region (e.g., 5010-8 inFIG. 5I) that previously included the content thumbnail for the photo,as illustrated in FIG. 5I.

Operations 860-870 are performed when the second resizing metric basedon the second multi-contact gesture is above the predefined threshold.The device displays (860) the respective content item in a secondpredefined arrangement. In some embodiments, the content item isdisplayed at a predefined size (e.g., as a full-screen image in aslideshow of images from the album). For example, in FIG. 5J, the devicedetects a liftoff of contacts 5012-b in FIG. 5G, and in response todetecting liftoff of the contacts 5012-b, the device expands and rotatesthe content (e.g., Photo-8 5014-8 is expanded and rotated in FIG. 5J)and displays the content in a predefined arrangement (e.g., Photo-85014-8 is displayed in a slideshow view in FIG. 5K).

In some embodiments, the first predefined arrangement of therepresentations of the content items associated with the respectivealbum thumbnail is (862) an initial array of content thumbnails (e.g.,the array of content thumbnails 5008 in FIG. 5F); the respective contentitem is a first image (e.g., content item 5014-8 is a photo); displayingthe respective content item in the second predefined arrangementincludes displaying the first image in a slideshow mode (e.g., asillustrated in FIG. 5K). In these embodiments, while in the slideshowmode, the device navigates (864) from the first image (e.g., Photo-85014-8 in FIG. 5K) to a subsequent image (e.g., Photo-15 5014-15 in FIG.5K) in the slideshow mode (e.g., in response to detecting user inputssuch as movement of contact 5022 along a scrubber from a first position5022 in FIG. 5K to a second position 5022-b in FIG. 5O).

While displaying the subsequent image (e.g., Photo-15, 5014-15 in FIG.5K, the device detects a fifth contact and a sixth contact (e.g.,contacts 5024 in FIG. 5O) on the touch-sensitive surface; and detects athird multi-contact gesture that includes the fifth contact and thesixth contact (e.g., a pinch gesture that includes movement of thecontacts 5024 from a first position 5024-a in FIG. 5O towards each otherto a second position 5024-b in FIG. 5P). In some embodiments, the secondmulti-contact gesture also includes further movement of the contacts5024 (e.g., rotation of the contacts 5024 from the second position5024-b in FIG. 5P to a third position 5024-c in FIG. 5Q), and inresponse to the further movement of the contacts, the device moves thecontent in accordance with the further movement (e.g., in FIGS. 5P-5Q,the device rotates Photo-15 5014-15 in FIG. 5Q in accordance with themovement of the contacts from the second location 5024-b in FIG. 5P tothe third location 5024-c in FIG. 5Q).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the third multi-contactgesture, the device exits (866) the slideshow mode (e.g., as illustratedin FIGS. 5P-5Q). In response to detecting the third multi-contactgesture the device also displays an updated array of content thumbnailsthat does not include a content thumbnail for the subsequent image(e.g., the array of content thumbnails 5008 in FIG. 5P does not includea content thumbnail in the region 5010-15 that is associated with thesubsequent image); and, shrinks the subsequent image (e.g., 5014-15 inFIG. 5P) in accordance with the third multi-contact gesture. In theseembodiments, the device also detects (868) termination of the thirdmulti-contact gesture (e.g., detecting liftoff of the fifth contact andthe sixth contact 5024-c in FIG. 5R). In response to detectingtermination of the third multi-contact gesture, the device displays(870) the content thumbnail for the subsequent image in the updatedarray (e.g., the device displays content thumbnail 5008-15 in the region5010-15 that is associated with the subsequent image in FIG. 5R). Inthese embodiments, the device displays an animation of the subsequentimage shrinking and moving to a position in the updated array of contentthumbnails that corresponds to a location of the content thumbnail forthe subsequent image in the initial array of content thumbnails. Forexample, in FIG. 5R, the device shrinks and rotates the content (e.g.,Photo-15 from a first size and rotation 5014-15-a to a second size androtation 5014-15-b in FIG. 5R) and finally displays the thumbnail (e.g.,5008-15 in FIG. 5R) for the subsequent image (e.g., Photo-15 5014-15) inthe region (e.g., 5010-15 in FIG. 5R) that is associated with thesubsequent image.

FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating a method 900 of navigatingthrough content using a scrubber that includes thumbnail representationsof content in accordance with some embodiments. The method 900 isperformed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device 100, FIG. 1) with a display and a touch-sensitivesurface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display andthe touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, thedisplay is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod 900 may be combined and/or the order of some operations may bechanged.

As described below, the method 900 provides an intuitive way to navigatethrough content. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user whennavigating through content, thereby creating a more efficienthuman-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices,enabling a user to navigate through content faster and more efficientlyconserves power and increases the time between battery charges.

The device displays (902) a presentation user interface configured topresent content items (e.g., photos 5014 in FIGS. 5W-5BB) from a set ofcontent items in a predetermined sequence (e.g., a slide show withdigital photographs, images, and/or videos). The presentation userinterface includes: a display region (e.g., 5034 in FIGS. 5W-5BB) fordisplaying (904) a currently displayed content item in the set ofcontent items (e.g., 5014 in FIGS. 5W-5BB). The presentation userinterface also includes a scrubber (e.g., 5036 in FIGS. 5W-5BB) fornavigating (906) between content items in the set of content items. Thescrubber includes: an ordered line (e.g., a row or a column) ofthumbnail representations (e.g., 5038 in FIGS. 5W-5BB) for a pluralityof content items in the set of content items. For example, in FIGS.5W-5BB, thumbnail representation T1 5038-1 is associated with Photo-1,thumbnail representation T3 5038-3 is associated with Photo-3, etc.

The ordered line is ordered (908) in accordance with the predeterminedsequence. For example, the photos are arranged in ascending numericalorder (e.g., ordered from Photo-1 to Photo-2 to Photo-3, etc.) and thethumbnail representations are ordered in accordance with the ascendingnumerical order of the photos with which they are associated (e.g.,ordered from T1 to T2, to T3, etc.) In some embodiments, the pluralityof content items includes (910) at least one video and at least oneimage. For example, Photo-8 in FIG. 5W is a representative video framefrom a video, and in response to detecting a video play input (e.g., atap gesture 5040 on a video playback icon 5042) the device plays videoassociated with the respective video frame (e.g., Photo-8).

In some embodiments, the ordered line is (912) a column (e.g., asillustrated in FIGS. 5W-5X); each of the thumbnail representations(e.g., 5038 in FIGS. 5W-5X) has a height; the scrubber (e.g., 5036 inFIG. 5X) has a predefined maximum height. In some embodiments, when thesum of the heights of the thumbnail representations of content items inthe set of content items is less than the predefined maximum height, theplurality of content items that are represented by thumbnailrepresentations includes all of the content items in the set of contentitems (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5W, where thumbnail representations5038 or expanded thumbnail representations 5044 are shown for all ninecontent items in the set of content items). In other words, in theseembodiments, the scrubber includes thumbnails for each image in the setof images. In some embodiments, when the sum of the heights of thethumbnail representations of content items in the set of content itemsexceeds the predefined maximum height, the plurality of content itemsthat are represented by thumbnail representations includes less than allof the content items in the set of content items (e.g., as illustratedin FIG. 5X, where thumbnail representations 5038 are shown for onlythirteen of the thirty two content items). In other words, in theseembodiments, the scrubber includes thumbnails for only a subset of theimages in the set of images. For example, in FIG. 5X, thumbnailrepresentations are displayed for Photo-1, Photo-3, Photo-6, Photo-11,(e.g., thumbnails 5038-1, 5038-3, 5038-6 and 5038-11 respectively) butno thumbnail representations are displayed for Photo-2, Photo-4 orPhoto-7. In some embodiments, when the plurality of content itemsincludes less than all of the content items in the set of content items,the plurality of content items is selected (914) using predefinedcriteria (e.g., “every other content item” or “every third content item”is selected to be included in the plurality of content items that havethumbnail representations in the scrubber).

In some embodiments, the ordered line is (916) a row (e.g., asillustrated in FIGS. 5Y-5Z); each of the thumbnail representations(e.g., 5038 in FIGS. 5Y-5Z) has a width; the scrubber has a predefinedmaximum width (e.g., 5036 in FIG. 5Z). In some embodiments, when the sumof the widths of the thumbnail representations of content items in theset of content items is less than the predefined maximum width, theplurality of content items includes all of the content items in the setof content items (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5Y, where thumbnailrepresentations 5038 or expanded thumbnail representations 5044 areshown for all twelve content items in the set of content items). Inother words, in these embodiments, the scrubber includes thumbnails foreach image in the set of images. In some embodiments, when the sum ofthe widths of the thumbnail representations of content items in the setof content items exceeds the predefined maximum width, the plurality ofcontent items includes less than all of the content items in the set ofcontent items (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5Z, where thumbnailrepresentations 5038 are shown for only fifteen of the thirty twocontent items). In other words, in these embodiments, the scrubberincludes thumbnails for only a subset of the images in the set ofimages. For example, in FIG. 5Z, thumbnail representations are displayedfor Photo-1, Photo-3, Photo-5, Photo-7, (e.g., thumbnails 5038-1,5038-3, 5038-5 and 5038-7 respectively) but no thumbnail representationsare displayed for Photo-2, Photo-4 or Photo-6. In some of theseembodiments, when the plurality of content items includes less than allof the content items in the set of content items, the plurality ofcontent items is selected (918) using predefined criteria (e.g., “everyother content item” or “every third content item” is selected to beincluded in the plurality of content items that have thumbnailrepresentations in the scrubber).

The scrubber also includes an enlarged thumbnail representation (e.g.,5044 in FIGS. 5W-5BB) of the currently displayed content item. Forexample, in FIG. 5Z, the currently displayed content item is Photo-95014-9 and the enlarged thumbnail representation is ET9 5044-9, while inFIG. 5AA, the currently displayed content item is Photo-15 5014-15 andthe enlarged thumbnail representation is ET15 5044-15, and in FIG. 5BB,the currently displayed content item is Photo-20 5014-20 and theenlarged thumbnail representation is ET20 5044-20.

The enlarged thumbnail representation is (920) displayed in the orderedline at a position that is determined in accordance with thepredetermined sequence. For example, in FIG. 5Z, the enlarged thumbnailET9 5044-9 which is an enlarged thumbnail representation for Photo-95014-9 is displayed in between the thumbnail representation T7 5038-7which is a thumbnail representation for Photo-7 and the thumbnailrepresentation T11 5038-11 which is a thumbnail representation forPhoto-11.

In some embodiments, when the plurality of content items includes lessthan all of the content items in the set of content items (e.g., asillustrated in FIGS. 5Z-5BB), the operation that is performed whendisplaying (922) the enlarged thumbnail representation of the respectivecontent item in the scrubber is dependant on whether the respectivecontent item is in the plurality of content items.

When the respective content item is in the plurality of content items,displaying the enlarged thumbnail representation of the respectivecontent item includes displaying (924) the enlarged thumbnailrepresentation of the respective content item in the scrubber at alocation on the scrubber that is determined in accordance with thepredetermined sequence. For example, in FIG. 5W, the expanded thumbnailrepresentation 5044-8 of Photo-8 replaces a thumbnail representation ofPhoto-8 that would otherwise be displayed between the thumbnailrepresentation 5038-7 of Photo-7 and the thumbnail representation 5038-9of Photo-9 in FIG. 5W.

In contrast, when the respective content item is not in the plurality ofcontent items, displaying the enlarged thumbnail representation of therespective content item includes inserting (926) the enlarged thumbnailrepresentation of the respective content item in the scrubber at alocation on the scrubber that is determined in accordance with thepredetermined sequence. It should be understood that in order to displaythe enlarged thumbnail representation in this case, the other thumbnailrepresentations in the scrubber will have to be adjusted (e.g., byremoving a previously displayed thumbnail representation for anothercontent item, or decreasing the size of one or more adjacent thumbnailrepresentations). For example, in FIG. 5X, the expanded thumbnailrepresentation 5044-8 of Photo-8 replaces a thumbnail representation ofPhoto-9 that would otherwise be displayed between the thumbnailrepresentation 5038-6 of Photo-6 and the thumbnail representation5038-11 of Photo-11 in FIG. 5X.

The device detects (928) a first input on the touch-sensitive surfacethat corresponds to a location on the scrubber for a respective contentitem in the set of content items. As one example, the device detectsmovement of the contact (e.g., movement of contact 5046 from a firstlocation 5046-a in FIG. 5Z) to a location (e.g., 5046-b in FIG. 5AA) onthe touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to a location on thescrubber for a respective content item (e.g., Photo-15 5014-15 in FIG.5AA) in the set of content items where a thumbnail representation of therespective content item is displayed in the scrubber (e.g., thumbnailrepresentation 5038-15 was displayed in the scrubber 5036 in FIG. 5Z).As another example, the device detects movement of the contact (e.g.,movement of contact 5046 from a first location 5046-a in FIG. 5Z) to alocation (e.g., 5046-c in FIG. 5BB) on the touch-sensitive surface thatcorresponds to a location on the scrubber for a respective content item(e.g., Photo-20 5014-20 in FIG. 5BB) in the set of content items where athumbnail representation of the respective content item is not displayedin the scrubber (e.g., no thumbnail representation for Photo-20 wasdisplayed in the scrubber 5036 in FIG. 5Z).

Operations 932-936 are performed in response to detecting 930 the firstinput. The device displays (932) the respective content item in thedisplay region (e.g., Photo-15 5014-15 is displayed in content region5034 in FIG. 5AA or Photo-20 5014-20 is displayed in content region 5034in FIG. 5BB). The device also displays (934) an enlarged thumbnailrepresentation of the respective content item in the scrubber at alocation on the scrubber that is determined in accordance with thepredetermined sequence (e.g., the device displays an enlarged thumbnailrepresentation 5044-15 for Photo-15 in the scrubber 5036 in FIG. 5AA orthe device displays and enlarged thumbnail representation 5044-20 forthe scrubber 5036 in FIG. 5BB). In other words, the enlarged thumbnailrepresentation of the respective content item for the respective contentitem (e.g., the enlarged thumbnail representation 5044-15 for Photo-15in FIG. 5AA or the enlarged thumbnail representation 5044-20 forPhoto-20 in FIG. 5BB) is displayed when the respective content item isselected, without regard for whether or not a thumbnail representationof the respective content item was displayed in the scrubber before therespective content item was selected.

It should be understood that, in some embodiments, the device displaysan expanded thumbnail representation for each content item in the set ofcontent items as the contact (e.g., 5046 in FIGS. 5Z-5BB) moves over alocation on the scrubber that is associated with the content item, evenif a thumbnail representation 5038 of the content item is not displayedin the scrubber. For example, in FIGS. 5Z-5AA when the device detectsmovement of the contact 5046 from the first position (e.g., 5046-a inFIG. 5Z) to the second position (e.g., 5046-b in FIG. 5AA) and thecontact 5046 passes through locations on the scrubber that areassociated with Photo-9, Photo-10, Photo-11, Photo-12, Photo-13,Photo-14 and Photo-15, and the device displays expanded thumbnailrepresentations of each of these photos, even though the scrubber onlyincludes thumbnail representations for a subset of these content items(e.g., thumbnail representation 5038-11 for Photo-11, thumbnailrepresentation 5038-13 for Photo-13 and thumbnail representation 5038-15for Photo-15 in FIG. 5Z).

When displaying a navigation interface for navigating through a set ofcontent items, it is particularly advantageous to display a scrubberthat includes thumbnail representations of a plurality of the contentitems in a set of content items, so that the user can readily determinewhich portion of the scrubber is associated with which content items inthe set of content items (e.g., by looking a the thumbnailrepresentations that are displayed in the scrubber). However, when thescrubber has a fixed length or width (e.g., the length or width of thedisplay), as the number of content items in the set of content itemsincreases, the thumbnail representations must decrease in size, and ifthe device continues to decrease the thumbnail representations in size,then the thumbnail representations cease to provide any visualindication of which portion of the scrubber is associated with whichcontent items in the set of content items. However, by displayingthumbnail representations for only a subset of the content items, thedevice continues to provide the user with visual cues as to whichportion of the scrubber is associated with which content items in theset of content items even as the number of content items increasesbeyond the number of thumbnail representations that can be displayed inthe scrubber.

However, displaying thumbnail representations for only a subset of thecontent items, may create cognitive dissonance for the user when theuser provides an input that corresponds to a respective location of thescrubber that includes a thumbnail representation for a first contentitem, and the device selects a second item that is associated with therespective location on the scrubber. Displaying an expanded thumbnailrepresentation of the content item associated with the current locationon the scrubber, as described above, avoids creating cognitivedissonance for the user, reducing confusion and increasing speed andaccuracy of the user, thereby creating a more efficient machine-userinterface.

In some embodiments, displaying the respective content item in thedisplay region includes displaying (936) a visual indicator (e.g., voicememo indicator icon 5048 in FIG. 5BB) that indicates that a voice memois associated with the content item. In some embodiments, detecting avoice memo playback input (e.g., tap gesture 5050 on voice memoindicator icon 5048 on the touch screen 112 in FIG. 5BB) the deviceplays back the voice memo (e.g., a voice memo associated with Photo-205014-20 in FIG. 5BB). In some embodiments the device plays back thevoice memo while continuing to display the navigation user interface. Insome embodiments, the device switches to a different user interface(e.g., a dedicated audio playback application) to play the voice memo.

It should be understood that while the preceding examples for themethods described above (e.g., method 600, method 700, method 800 andmethod 900) have been given primarily with respect to album thumbnails,image thumbnails and images such as photos, the content items may be anykind of electronic document or representation of an electronic document(e.g., slideshow documents, word processing documents, spreadsheetdocuments, etc.) or portions of electronic documents (e.g., slides,pages, tables, etc.) without departing from the scope of the embodimentsdisclosed herein. In some embodiments, the content items include aslideshow document and the thumbnail for the slideshow document is arepresentation of the slideshow document, as described in greater detailwith reference to FIGS. 5CC-5EE below. In some embodiments, the contentitems include a plurality of slides of a slideshow document and thethumbnails are representations of slides of a slideshow, as described ingreater detail with reference to FIGS. 5DD-5GG below. In someembodiments, the content items include a document (e.g., a PDF, aword-processing document, an e-book, etc.) and the thumbnail for thedocument is a representation of the document, as described in greaterdetail with reference to FIGS. 5HH-5JJ below. In some embodiments, thecontent items include a plurality of pages of a word-processing documentand the thumbnails are representations of the pages of a document, asdescribed in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 5JJ-5LL below.

As described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS. 5A-5F, inresponse to detecting a first multi-contact gesture, the device displayscontent associated with a respective thumbnail. For example, in FIG. 5CCthe device displays a plurality of slideshow thumbnails 5060 inrespective regions 5062. In response to detecting a de-pinch gesture(e.g., movement of contacts 5064 from a first location 5062-a on thedisplay in FIG. 5CC away from each other to a second location 5062-b onthe display in FIG. 5DD) at a location on the touch screen 112 thatcorresponds to a slideshow thumbnail (e.g., 5060-3 in FIG. 5CC), thedevice displays representations (e.g., slide thumbnails 5066 in FIG.5DD-5EE) of slides in the slideshow (e.g., Slideshow 3). As illustratedin FIGS. 5CC-5DD the slideshow thumbnail is replaced with a plurality ofslide thumbnails which spread apart as the contacts move away from eachother (e.g., from 5064-a in FIG. 5CC to 5064-b in FIG. 5DD).Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 5GG, in response to detectingliftoff of the contacts, the slide thumbnails 5066 are displayed in apredefined arrangement on the display (e.g., touch screen 112).

As described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS. 5F-5K, inresponse to detecting a first multi-contact gesture, the device displayscontent associated with a respective thumbnail. For example, in FIG. 5EEthe device displays a plurality of slide thumbnails 5066 in respectiveregions 5068. In response to detecting a de-pinch gesture (e.g.,movement of contacts 5070 from a first location 5070-a on the display inFIG. 5EE away from each other to a second location 5070-b on the displayin FIG. 5FF) at a location on the touch screen 112 that corresponds to aslide thumbnail (e.g., 5066-8 in FIG. 5EE), the device displays a slide(e.g., slide 5072-8 in FIGS. 5FF-5GG) associated with the slidethumbnail. As illustrated in FIG. 5FF, the slide expands as the contactsmove away from each other (e.g., from 5070-a in FIG. 5EE to 5070-b inFIG. 5FF). Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 5GG, in response todetecting liftoff of the contacts the slide 5072-8 is displayed so as tofill a viewing pane on the display (e.g., touch screen 112).

As described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS. 5A-5F, inresponse to detecting a first multi-contact gesture, the device displayscontent associated with a respective thumbnail. For example, in FIG. 5HHthe device displays a plurality of document thumbnails 5080 inrespective regions 5082. In response to detecting a de-pinch gesture(e.g., movement of contacts 5084 from a first location 5082-a on thedisplay in FIG. 5HH away from each other to a second location 5082-b onthe display in FIG. 5II) at a location on the touch screen 112 thatcorresponds to a document thumbnail (e.g., 5080-3 in FIG. 5HH), thedevice displays representations (e.g., page thumbnails 5086 in FIG.5II-5JJ) of pages in the document (e.g., Document 3). As illustrated inFIGS. 5HH-5II the document thumbnail is replaced with a plurality ofpage thumbnails which spread apart as the contacts move away from eachother (e.g., from 5084-a in FIG. 5HH to 5084-b in FIG. 5II).Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 5JJ, in response to detectingliftoff of the contacts the page thumbnails 5086 are displayed in apredefined arrangement on the display (e.g., touch screen 112).

As described in greater detail above with reference to FIGS. 5F-5K, inresponse to detecting a first multi-contact gesture, the device displayscontent associated with a respective thumbnail. For example, in FIG. 5JJthe device displays a plurality of page thumbnails 5086 in respectiveregions 5088. In response to detecting a de-pinch gesture (e.g.,movement of contacts 5090 from a first location 5090-a on the display inFIG. 5JJ away from each other to a second location 5090-b on the displayin FIG. 5KK) at a location on the touch screen 112 that corresponds to apage thumbnail (e.g., 5086-8 in FIG. 5JJ), the device displays a page(e.g., page 5092-8 in FIGS. 5KK-5LL) associated with the page thumbnail.As illustrated in FIG. 5KK the page expands as the contacts move awayfrom each other (e.g., from 5090-a in FIG. 5JJ to 5090-b in FIG. 5KK).Additionally, as illustrated in FIG. 5LL, in response to detectingliftoff of the contacts the page 5092-8 is displayed so as to fill aviewing pane on the display (e.g., touch screen 112).

The operations in the information processing methods described above maybe implemented by running one or more functional modules in informationprocessing apparatus such as general purpose processors or applicationspecific chips. These modules, combinations of these modules, and/ortheir combination with general hardware (e.g., as described above withrespect to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 3) are all included within the scope ofprotection of the invention.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6G, 7, 8A-8D,and 9A-9D may be implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1C. Forexample, display operation 610, detection operation 612, and enlargeoperation 636 may be implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatchermodule 174 delivers the event information to application 136-1. Arespective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the eventinformation to respective event definitions 186, and determines whethera first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surfacecorresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of anobject on a user interface. When a respective predefined event orsub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler180 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Eventhandler 180 may utilize or call data updater 176 or object updater 177to update the internal state of application 136-1 data. In someembodiments, event handler 180 accesses a respective GUI updater 178 toupdate what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would beclear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processescan be implemented based on the components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1C.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, to therebyenable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention andvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

1. (canceled)
 2. An electronic device, comprising: a display and atouch-sensitive surface; one or more processors; memory; and one or moreprograms, wherein the one or more programs are stored in memory andconfigured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or moreprograms including instructions for: while displaying a respectivecontent item at a first size, detecting a first contact and a secondcontact on the touch-sensitive surface; while continuing to detect thefirst contact and the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface,detecting a first multi-contact gesture that includes movement of thefirst contact with respect to the second contact; in response todetecting the first multi-contact gesture, reducing a size of therespective content item to a second size that is smaller than the firstsize and displaying representations of a plurality of other contentitems in a multi-row arrangement; while displaying representations ofthe plurality of content items in the multi-row arrangement, detectingtermination of the first multi-contact gesture; and in response todetecting termination of the first multi-contact gesture, displaying arepresentation of the respective content item at a third size in themulti-row arrangement, wherein the third size is smaller than the secondsize.
 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein displaying therespective content item at the first size includes displaying therespective content item in a slideshow mode.
 4. The electronic device ofclaim 2, wherein the one or more programs further include instructionsfor: in response to detecting the first multi-contact gesture, rotatingthe respective content item in accordance with the first multi-contactgesture.
 5. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein therepresentations of the plurality of content items are content thumbnailscorresponding to the plurality of content items.
 6. The electronicdevice of claim 2, wherein, while the first multi-contact gesture isdetected, the representations of the plurality of content items in themulti-row arrangement do not include a representation of the respectivecontent item.
 7. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein: themulti-row arrangement includes a respective position corresponding tothe respective content item, and while the first multi-contact gestureis detected, the respective position within the multi-row arrangementdoes not display a representation of the respective content item.
 8. Theelectronic device of claim 7, wherein, while the first multi-contactgesture is detected, the respective position within the multi-rowarrangement does not display a representation of any content item. 9.The electronic device of claim 7, wherein, displaying the representationof the respective content item in the multi-row arrangement includes:displaying, in response to detecting termination of the firstmulti-contact gesture, an animation of the respective content itemshrinking and moving to the respective position in the multi-rowarrangement corresponding to the respective content item.
 10. Theelectronic device of claim 2, wherein the one or more programs furtherinclude instructions for: while displaying the respective content itemat the first size, concurrently displaying a scrubber, wherein thescrubber comprises representations of at least a subset of the pluralityof other content items; while displaying the respective content item atthe first size and concurrently displaying the scrubber, detecting athird contact on the touch-sensitive surface at a location on thescrubber corresponding to a second content item of the at least thesubset of the plurality of other content items; and in response todetecting the third contact on the touch-sensitive surface, replacingdisplay of the respective content item at the first size with display ofthe second content item at the first size.
 11. The electronic device ofclaim 2, wherein: while the respective content item is displayed at thesecond size, the respective content item covers a respective portion ofthe multi-row arrangement, and while the respective content item isdisplayed at the third size, the respective content item does not coverthe respective portion of the multi-row arrangement.
 12. The electronicdevice of claim 2, wherein the one or more programs further includeinstructions for: while continuing to detect the first contact and thesecond contact on the touch-sensitive surface, detecting a furthermovement of the first contact with respect to the second contact; and inresponse to detecting the further movement of the first contact withrespect to the second contact, changing an appearance of the secondcontent item while maintaining display of the representations of theplurality of other content items in the multi-row arrangement.
 13. Theelectronic device of claim 2, wherein the one or more programs furtherinclude instructions for: while continuing to detect the first contactand the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface, detecting afurther movement of the first contact with respect to the secondcontact; in response to detecting the further movement of the firstcontact with respect to the second contact, changing an appearance ofthe respective content item and ceasing display of a respective portionof the multi-row arrangement that was displayed prior to detecting thefurther movement of the first contact with respect to the secondcontact.
 14. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the one or moreprograms further include instructions for: while continuing to detectthe first contact and the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface,detecting a further movement of the first contact with respect to thesecond contact; in response to detecting the further movement of thefirst contact with respect to the second contact, changing an appearanceof the respective content item and displaying a respective portion ofthe multi-row arrangement that was covered by the respective contentitem prior to detecting the further movement of the first contact withrespect to the second contact.
 15. A method, comprising: at anelectronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface: whiledisplaying a respective content item at a first size, detecting a firstcontact and a second contact on the touch-sensitive surface; whilecontinuing to detect the first contact and the second contact on thetouch-sensitive surface, detecting a first multi-contact gesture thatincludes movement of the first contact with respect to the secondcontact; in response to detecting the first multi-contact gesture,reducing a size of the respective content item to a second size that issmaller than the first size and displaying representations of aplurality of other content items in a multi-row arrangement; whiledisplaying representations of the plurality of content items in themulti-row arrangement, detecting termination of the first multi-contactgesture; and in response to detecting termination of the firstmulti-contact gesture, displaying a representation of the respectivecontent item at a third size in the multi-row arrangement, wherein thethird size is smaller than the second size.
 16. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configuredto be executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface, the one or more programsincluding instructions for: while displaying a respective content itemat a first size, detecting a first contact and a second contact on thetouch-sensitive surface; while continuing to detect the first contactand the second contact on the touch-sensitive surface, detecting a firstmulti-contact gesture that includes movement of the first contact withrespect to the second contact; in response to detecting the firstmulti-contact gesture, reducing a size of the respective content item toa second size that is smaller than the first size and displayingrepresentations of a plurality of other content items in a multi-rowarrangement; while displaying representations of the plurality ofcontent items in the multi-row arrangement, detecting termination of thefirst multi-contact gesture; and in response to detecting termination ofthe first multi-contact gesture, displaying a representation of therespective content item at a third size in the multi-row arrangement,wherein the third size is smaller than the second size.